1. Assurance engagements and external audit 保证约定和外部审计 "D/\&1.&
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Materiality, true and fair presentation, reasonable assurance mT#ebeBaf
物质性,真实公平的描述,合理的保证 e_t""h4D
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Appointment, removal and resignation of auditors W"H*Ad(V
审计人员的的任命、免职和辞职 \9jvQV/y
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Types of opinion: unmodified opinion, modified opinion, adverse opinion, disclaimer of opinion b#{[Pk,w9
意见类型:无保留意见,保留意见,否定意见,拒绝表示意见 C1SCV^#
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Professional ethics: independence, objectivity, integrity, professional competence, due care, confidentiality, professional behavior fpPHw)dTd
职业道德:独立,客观,完整,专业能力,应有的谨慎,保密,职业行为 ~g|z7o
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Engagement letter U=\!`_f':
约定书(委托书) <(dg^;
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2. Planning and risk assessment Jhr3[A
规划和风险评估 f-l(H="e
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General principles ~{gV`nm=J
一般原则 tFYod#
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Plan and perform audits with an attitude of professional skepticism C.q4rr
持专业的怀疑态度计划和执行审计工作 HD{2nZT
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Audit risks = inherent risk ×control risk ×detection risk <aGfQg|554
审计风险=内在风险×控制风险×检查风险 -}Q^A_xK
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Risk-based approach ^|ln q.j
基于风险的办法 n0%]dKCB
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Understanding the entity and knowledge of the business `\5u/i'Ca!
了解商业的实质和知识 ?'r=>'6D
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Assessing the risks of material misstatement and fraud QcG-/_,'}
评估材料错报和舞弊的风险 M*lCoJ
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Materiality (level), tolerable error q[MZSg
重要性(级别),可容忍误差 qA5PIEvdq
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Analytical procedures GYK&QYi,
分析程序 )xj
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Planning an audit r
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规划审计工作 ] B3\IT
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Audit documentation: working papers /r@~"Rx '
审计文件:工作底稿 ?0k4l8R
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The work of others g|rbkK%SoE
其他机构的文件 Emx`+9
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Rely on the work of experts nN$aZSb`
依靠专家的工作 Tkf
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Rely on the work of internal audit z*B-`i.
依靠内部审计工作 j$jgEtPK9=
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3. Internal control ud,=O Xq
内部控制 )=@SA`J
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The evaluation of internal control systems 1xzOD@=dI
对内部控制系统的评估 /7[X_)OG
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Tests of control o"-*,:Qe
控制测试 |;k@Zlvc
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Substantive procedures (time, nature, extent) T99\R%
实质性程序(时间,性质,程度) J2d3&6
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Transaction cycles: revenue, purchases, inventory, etc. 1NQstmd{
交易周期:收入,采购,库存等。 Z %\*\6L)
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4.Audit evidence *
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审计证据 UG:S! w'
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Obtain sufficient, appropriate audit evidence 1sN >U<
获取足够、适当的审计证据 rVF7!|&
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Assertions contained in the financial statements: completeness, occurrence, existence, measurement, presentation and disclosure, rights and obligations GB\1'
财务报表要求包含:完整性、发生、存在、计量、描述和披露、权利与义务 6<
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The audit of specific items ,J)wn;@
审计的具体项目 _,{R3k
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Receivables: confirmation ~![J~CkPS
应收帐款:确认 Q
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Inventory: counting, cut-off, confirmation of inventory held by third parties }G53"
存货:数量,减值,第三方持有存货的确认 ?f'iS#XL
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Payables: supplier statement reconciliation, confirmation E/IoYuB
应付帐款:供应商的申明一致,确认 ,wPvv(b]a
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Bank and cash: bank confirmation uEX+j
银行存款和现金:银行的确认 g
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Auditing sampling GZCX m+
审计抽样 ;r.0=Uo9]
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5.Review 0P7sMCYu
复核 ~H1ZQ[
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Subsequent events V~!lY\
随后发生的事件 l`k""f69W
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Going concern v|
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持续关注 H{CiN
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Management representations :N>n1tHL;A
与管理层的交涉沟通 yh:Wg$qx
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Audit finalization and the final review: unadjusted differences 'Vz Yf^
审核定稿和最后审查:未经调整的差异 >pRC$'Usx
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6. Reporting #WqpU.
报告 &V7