1. Assurance engagements and external audit 保证约定和外部审计 <q#/z&F!
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Materiality, true and fair presentation, reasonable assurance +q4AK<y-
物质性,真实公平的描述,合理的保证 Jx1JtnyP@
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Appointment, removal and resignation of auditors o.H(&ex|
审计人员的的任命、免职和辞职 CpF&Vy K
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Types of opinion: unmodified opinion, modified opinion, adverse opinion, disclaimer of opinion vErlh:~e
意见类型:无保留意见,保留意见,否定意见,拒绝表示意见 }fKpih
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Professional ethics: independence, objectivity, integrity, professional competence, due care, confidentiality, professional behavior #>\+6W
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职业道德:独立,客观,完整,专业能力,应有的谨慎,保密,职业行为 0?nm`9v6
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Engagement letter ' fm}&0
约定书(委托书) J~vK`+Zs
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2. Planning and risk assessment |CFTOe\q
规划和风险评估 gkyv[
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General principles
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一般原则 UA}oOteG
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Plan and perform audits with an attitude of professional skepticism w_!]_6%{b
持专业的怀疑态度计划和执行审计工作 _~E&?zR2>"
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Audit risks = inherent risk ×control risk ×detection risk _n+./B
审计风险=内在风险×控制风险×检查风险 ;MR(Eaep
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Risk-based approach h0fbc;l
基于风险的办法 n7S~nk
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Understanding the entity and knowledge of the business p$cSES>r:
了解商业的实质和知识 UE9r1g`z
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Assessing the risks of material misstatement and fraud +wwK#ocw
评估材料错报和舞弊的风险 D 4\T`j:
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Materiality (level), tolerable error E|Lv_4lb=
重要性(级别),可容忍误差 _%HyXd
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Analytical procedures |H4/a;]~
分析程序 =K)au$BE|
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Planning an audit )'RLK4l
规划审计工作 ?*Kew
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Audit documentation: working papers ? h$>7|
审计文件:工作底稿 vO)nqtw
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The work of others E30VKh |
其他机构的文件 IYy2EK[s
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Rely on the work of experts <,Zk9 t&
依靠专家的工作 dB`YvKr#
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Rely on the work of internal audit ;TK:D=p4
依靠内部审计工作 RJ%~=D
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3. Internal control l#,WMu&
内部控制 Y24:D7Q
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The evaluation of internal control systems c4R6E~S
对内部控制系统的评估 +x!V;H(
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Tests of control sYt8NsQ
控制测试 @^vVou_
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Substantive procedures (time, nature, extent) }Jgz#d
实质性程序(时间,性质,程度) xOjCF&W
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Transaction cycles: revenue, purchases, inventory, etc. .!
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交易周期:收入,采购,库存等。 FxC@KZG
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4.Audit evidence i%M2(8&^Q
审计证据 ;fhFv&`mE
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Obtain sufficient, appropriate audit evidence DB yRP-TH
获取足够、适当的审计证据 )jp#|#h
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Assertions contained in the financial statements: completeness, occurrence, existence, measurement, presentation and disclosure, rights and obligations YXJjqH3
财务报表要求包含:完整性、发生、存在、计量、描述和披露、权利与义务 <BQ4x.[
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The audit of specific items & h9ji[
审计的具体项目 X+{
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Receivables: confirmation ?0+D1w
应收帐款:确认 itM6S$
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Inventory: counting, cut-off, confirmation of inventory held by third parties c{j0A;XMS
存货:数量,减值,第三方持有存货的确认 2-u>=r0L
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Payables: supplier statement reconciliation, confirmation "7RQrz
应付帐款:供应商的申明一致,确认 L&