1. Assurance engagements and external audit 保证约定和外部审计 kc#<Gr&Z&
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Materiality, true and fair presentation, reasonable assurance oGz-lO{lt
物质性,真实公平的描述,合理的保证 P
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Appointment, removal and resignation of auditors (dZu&
审计人员的的任命、免职和辞职 R7YLI1ov
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Types of opinion: unmodified opinion, modified opinion, adverse opinion, disclaimer of opinion 6^
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意见类型:无保留意见,保留意见,否定意见,拒绝表示意见 owYf1=G
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Professional ethics: independence, objectivity, integrity, professional competence, due care, confidentiality, professional behavior -olD!zKS
职业道德:独立,客观,完整,专业能力,应有的谨慎,保密,职业行为 m,UMb#7Y
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Engagement letter * N5cC#5`=
约定书(委托书) $kPC"!X\
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2. Planning and risk assessment uA#uq^3
规划和风险评估 *xY}?vSs
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General principles Lo"w,p`n@
一般原则 Jv*[@
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Plan and perform audits with an attitude of professional skepticism h>>KH*dQ
持专业的怀疑态度计划和执行审计工作 q1C) *8*g
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Audit risks = inherent risk ×control risk ×detection risk o/Z
审计风险=内在风险×控制风险×检查风险 Ww8<f$
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Risk-based approach mI5BJ
基于风险的办法 Af'L=0
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Understanding the entity and knowledge of the business 3Yu1ZuIR
了解商业的实质和知识 frB~ajXK
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Assessing the risks of material misstatement and fraud >kK!/
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评估材料错报和舞弊的风险 f+*wDH
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Materiality (level), tolerable error ]`[r=cG
重要性(级别),可容忍误差 sfLH[Q?
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Analytical procedures tG1,AkyZ
分析程序 Grot3a
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Planning an audit "'389*-
规划审计工作 aI8k:FK"
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Audit documentation: working papers ]#)1(ZE
审计文件:工作底稿
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The work of others J$Huzs#
其他机构的文件 JPeZZ13sS
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Rely on the work of experts HTfHAc?W
依靠专家的工作
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Rely on the work of internal audit }o>6 y>=
依靠内部审计工作 RL0#WBR
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3. Internal control m53XN
内部控制 Q@M>DA!d^V
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The evaluation of internal control systems =P* YwLb
对内部控制系统的评估 \tL9`RKpg
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Tests of control -68E]O
控制测试 -c%K_2`
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Substantive procedures (time, nature, extent) K|"97{*|2
实质性程序(时间,性质,程度) 1h.Ypzu
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Transaction cycles: revenue, purchases, inventory, etc. Oy U[(
交易周期:收入,采购,库存等。 k]J!E-yI8
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4.Audit evidence f7y a0%N
审计证据 (X!?#)fyn
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Obtain sufficient, appropriate audit evidence #bFJ6;g=V
获取足够、适当的审计证据 O'5xPJ
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Assertions contained in the financial statements: completeness, occurrence, existence, measurement, presentation and disclosure, rights and obligations P)hZFX
财务报表要求包含:完整性、发生、存在、计量、描述和披露、权利与义务 9*AH&/EXth
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The audit of specific items *}yOL
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审计的具体项目 XynDo^+ru
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Receivables: confirmation Q> Lh.U,{
应收帐款:确认 Y}G 9(Ci&
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Inventory: counting, cut-off, confirmation of inventory held by third parties bnso+cA
存货:数量,减值,第三方持有存货的确认 FiN^}Kh
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Payables: supplier statement reconciliation, confirmation :>@6\
应付帐款:供应商的申明一致,确认 _?9|0>]xG
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Bank and cash: bank confirmation ?*2DR:o>@
银行存款和现金:银行的确认 D..dGh.MY
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Auditing sampling qs96($
审计抽样 ;S+UD~i[Bu
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5.Review E?L^L3s
复核 J$9`[^pV
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Subsequent events r8o9C
随后发生的事件 5PaOa8=2f
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Going concern z.NJu
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持续关注 )#^5$5
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Management representations wt8?@lJ"/
与管理层的交涉沟通 0E6>PE;
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Audit finalization and the final review: unadjusted differences
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审核定稿和最后审查:未经调整的差异 R2]2#3`
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6. Reporting nnv&