1. Assurance engagements and external audit
保证约定和外部审计 O ,[aL;v BI=Ie? Materiality, true and fair presentation, reasonable assurance OX4+1@$tk 物质性,真实公平的描述,合理的保证 2Xgw7`
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W3K"5E0ck Appointment, removal and resignation of auditors B%9[ 审计人员的的任命、免职和辞职 E4[\lX$J f|FQd3o) Types of opinion: unmodified opinion, modified opinion, adverse opinion, disclaimer of opinion [:!#F7O- 意见类型:无保留意见,保留意见,否定意见,拒绝表示意见 ?kb\%pcK '
n~N*DH Professional ethics: independence, objectivity, integrity, professional competence, due care, confidentiality, professional behavior *.EtdcRo[ 职业道德:独立,客观,完整,专业能力,应有的谨慎,保密,职业行为 Pwz^{*u] ~eL7=G@{ Engagement letter tO?*x/XC{ 约定书(委托书) -ij1%#t z AJ:@c7:eS 2. Planning and risk assessment 7XWgY%G 规划和风险评估 mXF
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THa;* ` General principles
3g|O2>*? 一般原则 4'9h^C& 8yFD2(# Plan and perform audits with an attitude of professional skepticism }+ #ag:M 持专业的怀疑态度计划和执行审计工作 <WBGPzVZE =4 JVUu~Z Audit risks = inherent risk ×control risk ×detection risk P!YT{} 审计风险=内在风险×控制风险×检查风险 WM=kr$/3 N??<3j+Iu Risk-based approach ^Z:x poz, 基于风险的办法 6nGDoW# >Q5E0 !] Understanding the entity and knowledge of the business L1C'V/g 了解商业的实质和知识 9f l !CG 7P|(j<JX6' Assessing the risks of material misstatement and fraud *bRH,u 评估材料错报和舞弊的风险 F/EHU?_EI vW)GUAF[ Materiality (level), tolerable error 'T|.<u@~ 重要性(级别),可容忍误差 [sNn^x 7 cIVK}& Analytical procedures s^KxAw_IV 分析程序 (uV7N7 <1 053W2Si Planning an audit 6/#= dv 规划审计工作 Gh{k ~/B 4a2&kIn Audit documentation: working papers Z p_
_ 审计文件:工作底稿 >2g CM
0U/:Tpyr The work of others BxZop.zwE( 其他机构的文件 q75F^AvH caj) Rely on the work of experts VJR'B={h 依靠专家的工作 zw5~|< nev*TYY?A Rely on the work of internal audit jZ{
S{"j 依靠内部审计工作 n3|~X/I 'Ux_X:,:; 3. Internal control BklB3*n 内部控制 -dvDAs{X 9lD,
aOb The evaluation of internal control systems f`
IgfJN 对内部控制系统的评估 nL:vRJr-$ \W(p )M Tests of control Zi[)(agAT 控制测试 X
]a> #63/;o:l$ Substantive procedures (time, nature, extent) ?xf;#J+{8 实质性程序(时间,性质,程度) (%P* rl )>Lsj1qk Transaction cycles: revenue, purchases, inventory, etc. ,jt098W 交易周期:收入,采购,库存等。 |@@mq!>- G1nW{vce 7K;dVB 4.Audit evidence v =?V{"wk! 审计证据 9nG] .@H "yz\p, Obtain sufficient, appropriate audit evidence W8P**ze4) 获取足够、适当的审计证据 I?Zs|A kK1qFe?] Assertions contained in the financial statements: completeness, occurrence, existence, measurement, presentation and disclosure, rights and obligations NuooA 财务报表要求包含:完整性、发生、存在、计量、描述和披露、权利与义务 O)5PUyC:H Fd\XDc[g The audit of specific items kCwTv:) 审计的具体项目 &=?`;K b #^aM Receivables: confirmation ( Lu.^ 应收帐款:确认 3H%HJS V%0.%/<#5 Inventory: counting, cut-off, confirmation of inventory held by third parties )>Q 2G/@ 存货:数量,减值,第三方持有存货的确认 2 Lamvf ~r!5d@f.6 Payables: supplier statement reconciliation, confirmation y[zA[H: 应付帐款:供应商的申明一致,确认 R|CY4G
j _$'Mx'IC= Bank and cash: bank confirmation kdUGmR0d 银行存款和现金:银行的确认 {.lF~cOu avpw+
M6+ Auditing sampling eTF8B<? 审计抽样 r~}}o o4K bF KPV%` 5.Review
)a^Yor)o" 复核 "pZ3 da2[
Subsequent events #8z,'~\ 随后发生的事件 }m9LyT=~$ UTTC:=F+ yo*iv+l qp W#!Vbx @:7gHRJ! Going concern P*PL6UQ 持续关注 p0rwiBC=q Hk]BC Management representations s3M84w z 与管理层的交涉沟通 u!uDu,y MA+-2pMc|7 Audit finalization and the final review: unadjusted differences :6u3Mj{
审核定稿和最后审查:未经调整的差异 s3-ktZ@ <s-@!8*( LO]6Xd
" 6. Reporting V./w06;0 报告 =4e=wAO(i 学会计论坛bbs.xuekuaiji.com
M_1Tx Appendix gOyY#]g 附录 @LKG\zYBu Audit procedure y<`?@(0$ 审计程序 +^kxFQ(: