1. Assurance engagements and external audit 保证约定和外部审计 g|]HS4y
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Materiality, true and fair presentation, reasonable assurance g=4^u*
物质性,真实公平的描述,合理的保证 ]Ac}+?
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Appointment, removal and resignation of auditors i:aW
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审计人员的的任命、免职和辞职 Q
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Types of opinion: unmodified opinion, modified opinion, adverse opinion, disclaimer of opinion
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意见类型:无保留意见,保留意见,否定意见,拒绝表示意见 7xeqs
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Professional ethics: independence, objectivity, integrity, professional competence, due care, confidentiality, professional behavior +`GtZnt#
职业道德:独立,客观,完整,专业能力,应有的谨慎,保密,职业行为 GqR XNs!
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Engagement letter h97#(_wV>
约定书(委托书) A/<u>cCW
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2. Planning and risk assessment ` 'Qb?F6
规划和风险评估 7C7.}U
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General principles Su,:f_If,
一般原则 PX|@D_%Y=
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Plan and perform audits with an attitude of professional skepticism [y@*vQw
持专业的怀疑态度计划和执行审计工作 * $f`ouJl
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Audit risks = inherent risk ×control risk ×detection risk o0 C&ol_
审计风险=内在风险×控制风险×检查风险 *
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Risk-based approach vO1; ;
基于风险的办法 CfU|]<
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Understanding the entity and knowledge of the business RA[j=RxK
了解商业的实质和知识 ElQ?|HsQ6p
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Assessing the risks of material misstatement and fraud x>[]Qk^?q
评估材料错报和舞弊的风险 nf
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Materiality (level), tolerable error
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重要性(级别),可容忍误差 EpAgKzVpJ
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Analytical procedures jCJcVO>OZ
分析程序 hU#e\L 7
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Planning an audit vt#;j;liG
规划审计工作 ?+d`_/IB
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Audit documentation: working papers e
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审计文件:工作底稿 hN'])[+V
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The work of others |EE1S{!24m
其他机构的文件 U7s$';y"%
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Rely on the work of experts |HK:\)L%
依靠专家的工作 _HUbE /
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Rely on the work of internal audit iT-coI
依靠内部审计工作 ,Z"<-%3
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3. Internal control /WTEz\k
内部控制 1]7gYNzV"
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The evaluation of internal control systems 5Kg'&B (
对内部控制系统的评估 aZA``#p+
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Tests of control @z@%vr=vX
控制测试 aas.-NT
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Substantive procedures (time, nature, extent) =j,WQ66r3
实质性程序(时间,性质,程度) A0DGDr PD
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Transaction cycles: revenue, purchases, inventory, etc. TQ4@|S:OF
交易周期:收入,采购,库存等。 FO2e7p^Q
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4.Audit evidence 5}#wp4U
审计证据 !$Nj
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Obtain sufficient, appropriate audit evidence ntW@Fm:bw>
获取足够、适当的审计证据 I_J&>}V'
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Assertions contained in the financial statements: completeness, occurrence, existence, measurement, presentation and disclosure, rights and obligations q\Y4v Wg
财务报表要求包含:完整性、发生、存在、计量、描述和披露、权利与义务 Cu[-<>my
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The audit of specific items ~K;QdV=YX
审计的具体项目 A'|!O:s
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Receivables: confirmation REUxXaN>Z
应收帐款:确认 .Nn11F< d
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Inventory: counting, cut-off, confirmation of inventory held by third parties `S
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