1. Assurance engagements and external audit
保证约定和外部审计 +pd,gG?dW fWHvVyQ. Materiality, true and fair presentation, reasonable assurance ~yv7[`+Tgg 物质性,真实公平的描述,合理的保证 Cqd\n#d/~ y3~=8!Tj?Q Appointment, removal and resignation of auditors b{0a/&&1O 审计人员的的任命、免职和辞职 N'{[BA(eE aZ@pfWwa: Types of opinion: unmodified opinion, modified opinion, adverse opinion, disclaimer of opinion "vGh/sXW 意见类型:无保留意见,保留意见,否定意见,拒绝表示意见 `[H^` o.Kn DY Professional ethics: independence, objectivity, integrity, professional competence, due care, confidentiality, professional behavior 5|*{~O
| 职业道德:独立,客观,完整,专业能力,应有的谨慎,保密,职业行为 <AgB"y@ %.Y5%TyP Engagement letter G
;j1zs 约定书(委托书)
WNR]GI $6Ma{r C| 2. Planning and risk assessment Hf4_zd 规划和风险评估 zgD?e?yPO "FHJ_$! General principles r1!1u7dr
t 一般原则 yr\ClIU V?XQjH1X Plan and perform audits with an attitude of professional skepticism 7FH(C`uKi 持专业的怀疑态度计划和执行审计工作 IQ_6DF CPB{eQeDuv Audit risks = inherent risk ×control risk ×detection risk -
2)k!5X= 审计风险=内在风险×控制风险×检查风险 -YNpHd/;,
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]z Risk-based approach 4DL;Y 基于风险的办法 )>@S8v,( t/|0"\ p Understanding the entity and knowledge of the business 9NTNulD>P 了解商业的实质和知识 =3-=p&* Sk{skvd; Assessing the risks of material misstatement and fraud ~z^?+MgZ2 评估材料错报和舞弊的风险 ?:r?K|Ku aRTy=~ Materiality (level), tolerable error =g+}4P 重要性(级别),可容忍误差 {
^o.f x3n9|Uud Analytical procedures BX/3{5Y>{ 分析程序 dN5{W0_ Fk=SkSky Planning an audit x2v0cR"KL 规划审计工作 T)P)B6q T0 K!Msz Audit documentation: working papers y:)^*2GA-B 审计文件:工作底稿 !!\}-r^y% N.*)-O
The work of others b8d0]YS 其他机构的文件 #mV2VIX#Jv (zsG!v Rely on the work of experts jG>W+lq 依靠专家的工作 Pd7\Q]of .wNXvnWr Rely on the work of internal audit ZLjAhd) 依靠内部审计工作 !.P||$x`& 0AHQ(+Ap 3. Internal control :k\#=u( 内部控制 $udhTI#, eN])qw{ The evaluation of internal control systems ||hQ*X<m> 对内部控制系统的评估 exq5Z c% 1.14tS-}[4 Tests of control PC9,;T&7_ 控制测试 )Qb,zS6 ?tYZ/ Substantive procedures (time, nature, extent) P<g(i 6] 实质性程序(时间,性质,程度) 0&s6PS% |gE1P/%k Transaction cycles: revenue, purchases, inventory, etc. vM/*S
6[ 交易周期:收入,采购,库存等。 ko9}?qs 'xH^ksb " H,} &=SCk 4.Audit evidence JpS}X\]i 审计证据 ^fsMf
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g Obtain sufficient, appropriate audit evidence +vkmS 获取足够、适当的审计证据 3}nk9S:jr $Ivjcs: Assertions contained in the financial statements: completeness, occurrence, existence, measurement, presentation and disclosure, rights and obligations vH+g*A0S< 财务报表要求包含:完整性、发生、存在、计量、描述和披露、权利与义务 ;M?)-dpZ %>FtA) The audit of specific items *73gp
审计的具体项目 f\_RW;y|m r *K Receivables: confirmation )R7Sh51P 应收帐款:确认 9rEBq& D|q~n)TW5 Inventory: counting, cut-off, confirmation of inventory held by third parties %mC@} 存货:数量,减值,第三方持有存货的确认 {<yapBMw (fpz",[ Payables: supplier statement reconciliation, confirmation 0j@mzd2 应付帐款:供应商的申明一致,确认 LwB1~fF h]<S0/ Bank and cash: bank confirmation g, d_ 银行存款和现金:银行的确认 rxyv+@~Nc 8R*;8y_ Auditing sampling vX:}tir[ 审计抽样 R&|.Lvmc/ akvi^]x 5.Review
HTh?&u\QG 复核 tz):$1X_ V&f*+!!2 Subsequent events `Na()r$T 随后发生的事件 4AJ] qu =2&\<Q_Fi /V,xSK9.& NQqw|3 jf3Zy:*K Going concern PIH\*2\/ 持续关注 4|PWR_x wlNL;W@w Management representations !R@LC 与管理层的交涉沟通 uq3pk3
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=d\ Audit finalization and the final review: unadjusted differences O?OAXPK2 审核定稿和最后审查:未经调整的差异 SRfh{u
<);q,|eh2 h@`Rk 6. Reporting =n,;S W 报告 U =J5lo 学会计论坛bbs.xuekuaiji.com P3Ql[2 Appendix fAJyD`]Z 附录 (
}b~}X9 Audit procedure ~IZ-:?+S^ 审计程序 UIEvwQ