1. Assurance engagements and external audit 保证约定和外部审计 cY]Y8T)
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Materiality, true and fair presentation, reasonable assurance ,FVy:"FR
物质性,真实公平的描述,合理的保证 A+DYIS
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Appointment, removal and resignation of auditors GK%ovK
审计人员的的任命、免职和辞职 )eMh,r
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Types of opinion: unmodified opinion, modified opinion, adverse opinion, disclaimer of opinion `
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意见类型:无保留意见,保留意见,否定意见,拒绝表示意见 5z>\'a1U
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Professional ethics: independence, objectivity, integrity, professional competence, due care, confidentiality, professional behavior
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职业道德:独立,客观,完整,专业能力,应有的谨慎,保密,职业行为 r,KK%B
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Engagement letter _?c.3+;s
约定书(委托书) ,e_#
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2. Planning and risk assessment f~9Y1|6
规划和风险评估 T+D]bfjr&&
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General principles ZHasDZ8
一般原则 mhuaXbr
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Plan and perform audits with an attitude of professional skepticism rv%[?Ml
持专业的怀疑态度计划和执行审计工作 d~8~RT2
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Audit risks = inherent risk ×control risk ×detection risk j!)p NZW.<
审计风险=内在风险×控制风险×检查风险 Af<>O$$6
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Risk-based approach `%p6i|
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基于风险的办法 H\bIO!vb
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Understanding the entity and knowledge of the business :/qO*&i,N
了解商业的实质和知识 +cH(nZ*f
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Assessing the risks of material misstatement and fraud W9
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评估材料错报和舞弊的风险 #{,IY
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Materiality (level), tolerable error %/zZ~WIf
重要性(级别),可容忍误差 -5.%{Go$[
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Analytical procedures E
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分析程序 KK$A4`YoR
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Planning an audit Jo <6M'
规划审计工作 2A+,. S_!x
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Audit documentation: working papers (=rv
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审计文件:工作底稿 J}CK|}
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The work of others >,Z{wxzJ
其他机构的文件 id'#s
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Rely on the work of experts V0i$"|F+E
依靠专家的工作 <vDm(-i3
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Rely on the work of internal audit k^jCB>b
依靠内部审计工作 4&fnu/,Z
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3. Internal control F DX+
内部控制 0 +LloB
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The evaluation of internal control systems J7o?h9
对内部控制系统的评估 926oM77
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Tests of control
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控制测试 89mre;v`
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Substantive procedures (time, nature, extent) MX,0gap
实质性程序(时间,性质,程度) aS G2K0
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Transaction cycles: revenue, purchases, inventory, etc. "s9gQAoaO
交易周期:收入,采购,库存等。 \l5:A]J
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4.Audit evidence n4y6Ua9m{
审计证据 *DzPkaYD>
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Obtain sufficient, appropriate audit evidence 8-YrmP2k
获取足够、适当的审计证据 uF"`y&go
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Assertions contained in the financial statements: completeness, occurrence, existence, measurement, presentation and disclosure, rights and obligations ~W{h-z%q
财务报表要求包含:完整性、发生、存在、计量、描述和披露、权利与义务 vyGLn
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The audit of specific items Z]\^.x9S
审计的具体项目 E,yK` mPp^
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Receivables: confirmation Q}]kw}b
应收帐款:确认 'fFdqsXr
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Inventory: counting, cut-off, confirmation of inventory held by third parties ZY$@_D OB}
存货:数量,减值,第三方持有存货的确认 $VIq)s2az|
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Payables: supplier statement reconciliation, confirmation rd4'
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应付帐款:供应商的申明一致,确认 ,8nZzVo
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Bank and cash: bank confirmation /+O8A}
银行存款和现金:银行的确认 N~_jiVD>
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Auditing sampling j)6B^!
审计抽样 PGl-2Cr
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5.Review ^oO5t-9<!
复核
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Subsequent events ;I71_>m
随后发生的事件 {bqKb=nyZ
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Going concern Jd"s~n<>K
持续关注 `h5eej&s(
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Management representations YKOO(?lv
与管理层的交涉沟通 NVWeJ+w
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Audit finalization and the final review: unadjusted differences >=:T
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审核定稿和最后审查:未经调整的差异 fYM6wYJ
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