1. Assurance engagements and external audit
保证约定和外部审计 is#?O5:2 {jggiMwo.v Materiality, true and fair presentation, reasonable assurance d=H C;T) 物质性,真实公平的描述,合理的保证 :+!hR4Z~\; F-UY~i8 Appointment, removal and resignation of auditors zx0{cNPK5 审计人员的的任命、免职和辞职 0Oe@0L%^3" *8X: fq Types of opinion: unmodified opinion, modified opinion, adverse opinion, disclaimer of opinion FkKx~I: 意见类型:无保留意见,保留意见,否定意见,拒绝表示意见 o )Ob}j IjJ3C
J< Professional ethics: independence, objectivity, integrity, professional competence, due care, confidentiality, professional behavior QJ>+!p* 职业道德:独立,客观,完整,专业能力,应有的谨慎,保密,职业行为 gd/W8*NFR wQ4/eQ* Engagement letter z`f1|Ok 约定书(委托书) m:X;dcq'3 Eh8.S)E 2. Planning and risk assessment
CW, Kw 规划和风险评估 spd>.Cm` d}ue/hdw General principles pkBmAJb@ 一般原则 >(~;V
; C!~&c7 Plan and perform audits with an attitude of professional skepticism gQ,PG 持专业的怀疑态度计划和执行审计工作 1_XdL?h#o I9k o*f Audit risks = inherent risk ×control risk ×detection risk GP`_R 审计风险=内在风险×控制风险×检查风险 6W#M[0 Jr
9\j3J{ Risk-based approach v:s~Y 基于风险的办法 A4 o'EQ?~ 7l
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v qG Understanding the entity and knowledge of the business
4K)P Yk 了解商业的实质和知识 e"[o2=v;5 R9fM9 Assessing the risks of material misstatement and fraud 5wiU4-{ 评估材料错报和舞弊的风险 QTtcGU 80
i<Ij8J Materiality (level), tolerable error hPD2/M
重要性(级别),可容忍误差 RzFv``g a:v&pj+|< Analytical procedures krI<'m;a 分析程序 v\0[B jhL? h-Ffs Planning an audit ^e^M
A.kM, 规划审计工作 fZT=q^26 trtI^^/% Audit documentation: working papers f{k2sU*uBE 审计文件:工作底稿 V 7%rKK WPpl9)Qc The work of others m7g; psg 其他机构的文件 $(.[b][S yH@W6' . Rely on the work of experts +hV7o!WxC 依靠专家的工作 NFU 5+X-c 9m%[
y1v0 Rely on the work of internal audit 7L? ~;;L$ 依靠内部审计工作 :hCp@{ qL
UbRp 3. Internal control IGOqV>; 内部控制 :a[L-lr`e SWPr5h The evaluation of internal control systems s?7g3H5#0k 对内部控制系统的评估 vf
cj,1 `=vL?w^QS Tests of control .)ZK42Qd 控制测试 y]+i.8[ *:aJlvk Substantive procedures (time, nature, extent) /i"L@t)\t 实质性程序(时间,性质,程度) /\_0daUx W6
f *> Transaction cycles: revenue, purchases, inventory, etc. 7M=`Z{=9 交易周期:收入,采购,库存等。 `SZ^~O =Y?M#3P.I s+h`,gg9 4.Audit evidence u-f_,],p 审计证据 Qt+
K,LY p\WW~qD Obtain sufficient, appropriate audit evidence o}
YFDYi 获取足够、适当的审计证据 gle_~es'K {: T'2+OH> Assertions contained in the financial statements: completeness, occurrence, existence, measurement, presentation and disclosure, rights and obligations +F
]X 财务报表要求包含:完整性、发生、存在、计量、描述和披露、权利与义务 b'3w.%^
4b,N"w{v The audit of specific items k8Qm +r<p 审计的具体项目 v\'Eo*4
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Receivables: confirmation $NWXn,Y' 应收帐款:确认 7D@O:yO b$l@Z&[] Inventory: counting, cut-off, confirmation of inventory held by third parties ?MHVkGD 存货:数量,减值,第三方持有存货的确认 z
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hA/ ;*{y!pgb Payables: supplier statement reconciliation, confirmation PeEC|&x 应付帐款:供应商的申明一致,确认 Pe6MDWR UpF,e>s Bank and cash: bank confirmation Cdin" 银行存款和现金:银行的确认 'j 'bhG GKTrf\"c Auditing sampling [nZ3}o 审计抽样 vSb$gl5H PmZ-H> 5.Review
EC<g7_0F 复核 =6y4* f /. k4Y Subsequent events .z^ePZ|mV 随后发生的事件 ^i&sQQ({ "t$c'` Eaf6rjD R4.$9_ui U
A>UW!I Going concern <5%x3e"7u 持续关注 wR@&C\}9 Q=}p
P* Management representations w] i&N1i 与管理层的交涉沟通 JS]6jUB<B ]?whx&+ Audit finalization and the final review: unadjusted differences $p#)xx7 审核定稿和最后审查:未经调整的差异 u [5*RTE ?W:YS8
2 />=)=CGv; 6. Reporting ebxpKtEC 报告 1:h{(
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Appendix D[yOFJ~p) 附录 Cbv$O o* Audit procedure 3)b[C&` 审计程序 KSe`G;{