1. Assurance engagements and external audit
保证约定和外部审计 [0Z
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R`!x<J Materiality, true and fair presentation, reasonable assurance Y>R|Uf.o z 物质性,真实公平的描述,合理的保证 >m44U 9 UccnQZ7/I Appointment, removal and resignation of auditors 8`U5/!6fu 审计人员的的任命、免职和辞职 ~bdADVH lRZt))3 Types of opinion: unmodified opinion, modified opinion, adverse opinion, disclaimer of opinion P7 H-Dw 意见类型:无保留意见,保留意见,否定意见,拒绝表示意见 |Y0BnyGK %_KNAuM Professional ethics: independence, objectivity, integrity, professional competence, due care, confidentiality, professional behavior CmY'[ rI 职业道德:独立,客观,完整,专业能力,应有的谨慎,保密,职业行为 A_CE
pG] sn}U4=u Engagement letter _F;(#D 约定书(委托书) 2|qE|3&{' d Am(uJ 2. Planning and risk assessment `.#e4 FBW 规划和风险评估 PfF7*}P VkRvmKYl General principles UF|v=|*{# 一般原则 TStu)6%` vp[~%~1( Plan and perform audits with an attitude of professional skepticism df&d+jY 持专业的怀疑态度计划和执行审计工作 r*p<7 )o
SFHf Audit risks = inherent risk ×control risk ×detection risk [JO'ta 审计风险=内在风险×控制风险×检查风险 _^0yE_ili *jCXH<?R
Risk-based approach <6Y o%xt 基于风险的办法 Fwm{oypg% "m3u}!`3 Understanding the entity and knowledge of the business wHx1CXC 了解商业的实质和知识 RI')iz? L/"u,~[ Assessing the risks of material misstatement and fraud n^UrHHO
L 评估材料错报和舞弊的风险 4IG'Tm o/CSIvz1 Materiality (level), tolerable error vM
RM/. 重要性(级别),可容忍误差 kC!7<%( 8]YFlW9 Analytical procedures y4/>3tz; 分析程序 : N> 5{ :05>~bn>pC Planning an audit V2u^sy 规划审计工作 `-hFk88 xzyV|( Audit documentation: working papers eg3zpgZ 审计文件:工作底稿 WW:@% cQ@ $f7#p4;}( The work of others C8
m8ys 其他机构的文件 j;=+5PY fM]zD/ g Rely on the work of experts erdWGUfQOe 依靠专家的工作 vh"zYl` >/. -N Rely on the work of internal audit %F3M\)jU 依靠内部审计工作 A%Pjg1(uX _Su?
VxU 3. Internal control G)?VC^Q 内部控制 CKNC"Y*X :K#'?tH The evaluation of internal control systems -|~6Zf" 对内部控制系统的评估 yxf|Njo0 J-:\^uP Tests of control y"<nx
3 控制测试 m;>HUTj a-MDZT<xA+ Substantive procedures (time, nature, extent) ]uI#4t~ 实质性程序(时间,性质,程度) q=M!YWz 9*h?g+\ Transaction cycles: revenue, purchases, inventory, etc. p
o}Jwx! 交易周期:收入,采购,库存等。 I:P/
?- <Qe30_<K 4N[8LC;MH 4.Audit evidence 7H:1c=U 审计证据 @SF*Kvb& ^8,HJG,! Obtain sufficient, appropriate audit evidence ex
@e-< 获取足够、适当的审计证据 U]
riBlg> ZZL.&Ho Assertions contained in the financial statements: completeness, occurrence, existence, measurement, presentation and disclosure, rights and obligations zF[kb%o 财务报表要求包含:完整性、发生、存在、计量、描述和披露、权利与义务 +?5nkhH i(Cd#1< The audit of specific items t|0Zpp; 审计的具体项目 c:.k2u EJ;:O1,6H Receivables: confirmation aze}koNE 应收帐款:确认 y/Fv4<X `f,SY Inventory: counting, cut-off, confirmation of inventory held by third parties @" UoQ_h% 存货:数量,减值,第三方持有存货的确认 ne4j_!V{Mf 4eMNKIsvY$ Payables: supplier statement reconciliation, confirmation Bd*:y qi 应付帐款:供应商的申明一致,确认 .E-)R *.#d
'~+ Bank and cash: bank confirmation v@_b"w_TY 银行存款和现金:银行的确认 paF$o6\ I,OEor6%R( Auditing sampling Xp"ZK=r 审计抽样 v_3r8My- y, @I6 5.Review
QCIH1\`jW 复核 d#9
\]Ul& W-ErzX Subsequent events ;N6Euiz 随后发生的事件 P!q!+g )EZ#BF<0| GLrHb3@"N g)c<\% 8XZS BR(Z Going concern 'B ocMjRA 持续关注 :QT0[P5O H3"90^|,@ Management representations
49q\/ 与管理层的交涉沟通 dY'/\dJ I]t ",s/j Audit finalization and the final review: unadjusted differences MA0}BJoW 审核定稿和最后审查:未经调整的差异 H g(%gT zRSIJ!A~ ;L (dmx? 6. Reporting ^}vL ZA 报告 f-6-!
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5t Appendix <\l@`x96"D 附录 2MaHD}1Jw Audit procedure p2s*'dab7 审计程序 BM9J/24