1. Assurance engagements and external audit
保证约定和外部审计 l"]}Ts# $(>+VH`l Materiality, true and fair presentation, reasonable assurance ,',o'2=! 物质性,真实公平的描述,合理的保证 )~ h} [Nbm|["q~ Appointment, removal and resignation of auditors BbS4m 审计人员的的任命、免职和辞职 Jz
*;q~ ?"g2v-jTK Types of opinion: unmodified opinion, modified opinion, adverse opinion, disclaimer of opinion /{--+
C 意见类型:无保留意见,保留意见,否定意见,拒绝表示意见 >>fH{/l "d5n \@[t Professional ethics: independence, objectivity, integrity, professional competence, due care, confidentiality, professional behavior >_ 2dvg=U 职业道德:独立,客观,完整,专业能力,应有的谨慎,保密,职业行为
n$,*|_$# =]Jd9]vi Engagement letter *>qp:;,DKP 约定书(委托书) gn".u!9j 8k1Dj1@0z 2. Planning and risk assessment mZ"4&U 规划和风险评估 {
W{]L: hJ~Uf5Q General principles ;&-k#PE]/H 一般原则 rK]Cr9W M 'K{Z{[s{ Plan and perform audits with an attitude of professional skepticism x-.?HS
[ 持专业的怀疑态度计划和执行审计工作 eu|;eP-+d !s?nJ(p Audit risks = inherent risk ×control risk ×detection risk VYImI>.t{ 审计风险=内在风险×控制风险×检查风险 !AfHk| q0r>2c-d Risk-based approach (uZ&V7l 基于风险的办法 .I0q
G g !sW(wAy?o Understanding the entity and knowledge of the business OCaq3_#tZ 了解商业的实质和知识 V"G*N<q 8=uu8-l8g Assessing the risks of material misstatement and fraud kH7(@Pa 评估材料错报和舞弊的风险 )@Yf]qx+Y< L4z ~B!uvF Materiality (level), tolerable error qPy1;maXP 重要性(级别),可容忍误差 64G[|" j D ?3zc=J"t Analytical procedures K<qk.~
S 分析程序 *XbEiMJ oO|KEY
( Planning an audit 6vNrBB 规划审计工作 "wnzo, y
t
=3sq Audit documentation: working papers 92x(u%~E 审计文件:工作底稿 !y:vLB#q vZ&T}H~8 The work of others ^l=!JP=M= 其他机构的文件 b TM{l.Aq3 vAh6+K.e Rely on the work of experts BJsz2t :0 依靠专家的工作 C|).;V& n
vJf/90$ Rely on the work of internal audit !K}~/9Z=m
依靠内部审计工作 `
W:%mJd9 f'-i o<. 3. Internal control UU mTOJr 内部控制 Ax?y kabnVVn~ The evaluation of internal control systems q[`]D7W
" 对内部控制系统的评估 vCxD~+zf UAFwi%@!-q Tests of control K/b_22]CC 控制测试 7/ysVWt qnJt5 Substantive procedures (time, nature, extent) 8U>B~9:JO 实质性程序(时间,性质,程度) KJ=6 n%6 v'qG26 Transaction cycles: revenue, purchases, inventory, etc. hMUs"
<. 交易周期:收入,采购,库存等。 dC$Em@Nb 8:>1F, Ib\iT:AJ 4.Audit evidence wztA3ZL*W1 审计证据 ph [#QHB NufLzg{ Obtain sufficient, appropriate audit evidence H]p!\H 获取足够、适当的审计证据 3k#/{Z x&9hI Assertions contained in the financial statements: completeness, occurrence, existence, measurement, presentation and disclosure, rights and obligations 6m
orum 财务报表要求包含:完整性、发生、存在、计量、描述和披露、权利与义务 +~roU{& o ]dk8lZ;bo The audit of specific items Ikiib
WQL+ 审计的具体项目 iz?tu: \v& 2Sp=rI
Receivables: confirmation %8Dzo 应收帐款:确认 NqEA4C A~+S1
Inventory: counting, cut-off, confirmation of inventory held by third parties (v|}\?L 存货:数量,减值,第三方持有存货的确认 2KN6} YoLx>8 Payables: supplier statement reconciliation, confirmation :l
&V]}:7* 应付帐款:供应商的申明一致,确认 ?(m
jx J9Ou+6 u( Bank and cash: bank confirmation ] GTAq 银行存款和现金:银行的确认 E V^~eTz =;|QZ"%E Auditing sampling f<*Js)k 审计抽样 I,VH=Yn5, n;p:=\uN 5.Review
Fxqp-}: 复核 |'+eMl
!\#_Jw%y Subsequent events u4neXYSy 随后发生的事件 Ppt2A6W <~X >[PK< @]c(V%x A@D2+fS ym/fFm6h Going concern }%`~T>/ 持续关注 qdG~!h7j [kzd(u Management representations ;v~-'*0 与管理层的交涉沟通 t"lyvI[ rgf# wH%hN Audit finalization and the final review: unadjusted differences x]{E)d"! 审核定稿和最后审查:未经调整的差异 ?$Wn!"EC8 Bo+DJizu a=$t &7;, 6. Reporting lvpc*d|K 报告
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P!e:Tm) Appendix $RwB_F 附录 $BDBN_p Audit procedure C#=bW'C 审计程序 vhT_=:x