1. Assurance engagements and external audit
保证约定和外部审计 //V?rs ;}^Pfm8 Materiality, true and fair presentation, reasonable assurance el+euOV 物质性,真实公平的描述,合理的保证 ==UH)o`?8 B1*%pjy Appointment, removal and resignation of auditors 3YA !2 审计人员的的任命、免职和辞职 {,P&05iSi W!GgtQw{F Types of opinion: unmodified opinion, modified opinion, adverse opinion, disclaimer of opinion G^r^" j 意见类型:无保留意见,保留意见,否定意见,拒绝表示意见 jr~76 pX6OhwkTK Professional ethics: independence, objectivity, integrity, professional competence, due care, confidentiality, professional behavior 0r:8ni%cL 职业道德:独立,客观,完整,专业能力,应有的谨慎,保密,职业行为
gt}/C4| xJc'tT6@ Engagement letter qC`"<R=GX 约定书(委托书) mP3:Fc_G MEq
()}7P 2. Planning and risk assessment o7]h;Zg5r 规划和风险评估 .`xcR]PQ V`@@ufU} General principles 4y%N(^ 一般原则 y5+-_x, B6$s*SXNp Plan and perform audits with an attitude of professional skepticism 2{@:
:JZ 持专业的怀疑态度计划和执行审计工作 )h>Cp,|{ f[h=>
O Audit risks = inherent risk ×control risk ×detection risk }ndH |, 审计风险=内在风险×控制风险×检查风险 :^J(%zy G
8akMd]2 Risk-based approach D@O'8 基于风险的办法 >
$HMZbsE TtKBok Understanding the entity and knowledge of the business ZaXK=%z 了解商业的实质和知识 _3hCu/BV B\Rq0N]' M Assessing the risks of material misstatement and fraud ad
i5h 评估材料错报和舞弊的风险 8oN4!#: _%Mu{Ni& Materiality (level), tolerable error &k
: | 重要性(级别),可容忍误差 %oC]Rpdu >.J68x Analytical procedures L=zeFn 分析程序 N#]f?6*R 9OXrz}8C Planning an audit
4lvo9R 规划审计工作 'fawpU|h _RY<-B
Audit documentation: working papers '<6Gz
7O 审计文件:工作底稿 LFV;Y.-(h V,|9$A; The work of others P#rwYPww\ 其他机构的文件 wF3mQ_hv:@ ruF+X) Rely on the work of experts mxGvhkj 依靠专家的工作 r`wL_>"{n cnCUvD]' Rely on the work of internal audit IO]Oo3 依靠内部审计工作 D.R5- M}/%t1^g: 3. Internal control >\(Ma3S
内部控制 bLSI\ +S0A`rL The evaluation of internal control systems UxD1+\N6? 对内部控制系统的评估 *% uv7G@%N 98o;_tU' Tests of control Ldt7?Y(V( 控制测试 MH{vFA4:, >,hJ5-9 Substantive procedures (time, nature, extent) V/>SjUNq 实质性程序(时间,性质,程度) uyjZmT/- Z0`? Transaction cycles: revenue, purchases, inventory, etc. v+G}n\F 交易周期:收入,采购,库存等。 pN4!*7M `acorfpi vaR0`F 4.Audit evidence as~. XWa 审计证据 ?uQ|?rk Q+dBSKSK Obtain sufficient, appropriate audit evidence YVu8/D@ o 获取足够、适当的审计证据 !i}G>*XH, ) : Q5u6 Assertions contained in the financial statements: completeness, occurrence, existence, measurement, presentation and disclosure, rights and obligations Q7c_;z_ 财务报表要求包含:完整性、发生、存在、计量、描述和披露、权利与义务 z-$?.?d pMa 3R3a The audit of specific items jnH44 审计的具体项目 t'm]E2/ kFD- Receivables: confirmation >{Lfrc1 应收帐款:确认 h`3;^T WMh'<'wN_ Inventory: counting, cut-off, confirmation of inventory held by third parties j]
M)i:n 存货:数量,减值,第三方持有存货的确认 y~ ^>my7G C. 8> Payables: supplier statement reconciliation, confirmation ']+H P9i$ 应付帐款:供应商的申明一致,确认 ?:n{GK 9n8;eE08 Bank and cash: bank confirmation )S8q.h 银行存款和现金:银行的确认 4_r8ynq{z \Xxx5:qM Auditing sampling ua7I K~8l 审计抽样 5:n&G[Md K7e<hdP_# 5.Review
B#EF/\5 复核
36Wuc@<H @@ZcW<Y" Subsequent events ~Ycz(h'( 随后发生的事件 RA.@(DN& bmT J /xsa-F
rw+0<r3|K m\@Q/_v Going concern
rD$7; 持续关注 5bZ`YO &L
q @af# Management representations bIWcL$}4Q 与管理层的交涉沟通 #/
1A:ig |G%MiYd Audit finalization and the final review: unadjusted differences s/ZOA[Yux 审核定稿和最后审查:未经调整的差异 \?qXscq UK&E#i z$;%SYI 6. Reporting m^]/
/j 报告
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e}}8i Appendix ap;UxWqx 附录 WWE?U-o Audit procedure YrZAy5\ 审计程序 D4o?