1. Assurance engagements and external audit 保证约定和外部审计 qUjmB sB
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Materiality, true and fair presentation, reasonable assurance BGOuDKz9C
物质性,真实公平的描述,合理的保证 !lf|7
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Appointment, removal and resignation of auditors J?Ra bYd ~
审计人员的的任命、免职和辞职 )-0kb~;|
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Types of opinion: unmodified opinion, modified opinion, adverse opinion, disclaimer of opinion qQA}Z*(m
意见类型:无保留意见,保留意见,否定意见,拒绝表示意见 \R|4( +]x
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Professional ethics: independence, objectivity, integrity, professional competence, due care, confidentiality, professional behavior IhA5Wt0j
职业道德:独立,客观,完整,专业能力,应有的谨慎,保密,职业行为 7![,Q~Fy
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Engagement letter Fs{x(_LOr
约定书(委托书) ,_Z5m;
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2. Planning and risk assessment v%"|WV[N
规划和风险评估 ^aH\7J@Y
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General principles >#hO).`C
一般原则 }._eIx"
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Plan and perform audits with an attitude of professional skepticism RRRCS]y7$t
持专业的怀疑态度计划和执行审计工作 jUSmqm'
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Audit risks = inherent risk ×control risk ×detection risk B$b +Ymu
审计风险=内在风险×控制风险×检查风险 Atdl
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Risk-based approach =R #Qx,
基于风险的办法 o
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Understanding the entity and knowledge of the business POvP]G9'"
了解商业的实质和知识 ;.TRWn#
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Assessing the risks of material misstatement and fraud =at@ Vp/y
评估材料错报和舞弊的风险 @&X|5p"[g
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Materiality (level), tolerable error Ag&0wN+jTM
重要性(级别),可容忍误差 a4XU?-sUh
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Analytical procedures GH+r?2<
分析程序 LG<J;&41~S
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Planning an audit zx-81fx+k
规划审计工作 4<% *E{`
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Audit documentation: working papers `}mcEl
审计文件:工作底稿 b]x4o#t
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The work of others %kdEun
其他机构的文件 ~nrK>%
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Rely on the work of experts JKGc3j,+#
依靠专家的工作 ,QcF|~n
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Rely on the work of internal audit b*`lk2oMa/
依靠内部审计工作 -?mfE+kt
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3. Internal control f6p-s
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内部控制 hnDBFQ{
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The evaluation of internal control systems BZR:OtR^
对内部控制系统的评估 C}_ ojcR
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Tests of control Q
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控制测试 MO
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Substantive procedures (time, nature, extent) h&--,A >
实质性程序(时间,性质,程度) K#pNec
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Transaction cycles: revenue, purchases, inventory, etc. 1
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交易周期:收入,采购,库存等。 1`a5C.v
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4.Audit evidence tE)suU5Y
审计证据 paKSr|O
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Obtain sufficient, appropriate audit evidence cNM3I,o7
获取足够、适当的审计证据 vvKEv/pN7
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Assertions contained in the financial statements: completeness, occurrence, existence, measurement, presentation and disclosure, rights and obligations UE$UR#T'w
财务报表要求包含:完整性、发生、存在、计量、描述和披露、权利与义务 ~c %hWt
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The audit of specific items J/[=p<I)
审计的具体项目 YbTxn="_
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Receivables: confirmation aB
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应收帐款:确认 uf&myV7
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Inventory: counting, cut-off, confirmation of inventory held by third parties \lZf<