1. Assurance engagements and external audit 保证约定和外部审计 K*N8Vpz(
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Materiality, true and fair presentation, reasonable assurance %
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物质性,真实公平的描述,合理的保证 d>Ky(wS
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Appointment, removal and resignation of auditors }h=3[pe}
审计人员的的任命、免职和辞职 h 2C9p2.
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Types of opinion: unmodified opinion, modified opinion, adverse opinion, disclaimer of opinion V(F1i%9l g
意见类型:无保留意见,保留意见,否定意见,拒绝表示意见 f&?
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Professional ethics: independence, objectivity, integrity, professional competence, due care, confidentiality, professional behavior TchByN6oN<
职业道德:独立,客观,完整,专业能力,应有的谨慎,保密,职业行为 $Fv|w9
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Engagement letter [~k!wipK
约定书(委托书) @Wd1+Yky
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2. Planning and risk assessment qwYq9A$+
规划和风险评估 0|FQIhVuY
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General principles z/|tsVK
一般原则 V(OD^GU
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Plan and perform audits with an attitude of professional skepticism \/?&W[T F
持专业的怀疑态度计划和执行审计工作 jNW/Biy4u
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Audit risks = inherent risk ×control risk ×detection risk 7QHrb'c
审计风险=内在风险×控制风险×检查风险 Y{2L[5_1
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Risk-based approach v.Xmrry
基于风险的办法 5>&C.+A 9
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Understanding the entity and knowledge of the business i 8:^1rHp)
了解商业的实质和知识 9 tIE+RD
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Assessing the risks of material misstatement and fraud RNb" O{3
评估材料错报和舞弊的风险 I1!m;5-c9k
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Materiality (level), tolerable error 47^7S=
重要性(级别),可容忍误差 XvkFP'%i/
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Analytical procedures y@\J7 h:
分析程序 k
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Planning an audit A'T: \Wl
规划审计工作 o<!tNOH
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Audit documentation: working papers _+.
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审计文件:工作底稿 H`NT`BE
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The work of others w'<"5F`
其他机构的文件 ]/od p/jm
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Rely on the work of experts 9l}G{u9a
依靠专家的工作 |\SwZTr
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Rely on the work of internal audit W.TdhJW9
依靠内部审计工作 Z1oUAzpj4
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3. Internal control >?GCH(eW%
内部控制 1IWP~G
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The evaluation of internal control systems Y$ '6p."=
对内部控制系统的评估 <xr\1VjA
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Tests of control C7_#D O6"
控制测试 3Hkb)Wu
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Substantive procedures (time, nature, extent) \Wf1b8FW
实质性程序(时间,性质,程度) @tPptB
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Transaction cycles: revenue, purchases, inventory, etc. N3?hu}
交易周期:收入,采购,库存等。 zC_@wMWB
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4.Audit evidence 7^DN8g"&\
审计证据 RV_+-m{]
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Obtain sufficient, appropriate audit evidence &\AW}xp
获取足够、适当的审计证据 ,=`iQl3(y/
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Assertions contained in the financial statements: completeness, occurrence, existence, measurement, presentation and disclosure, rights and obligations _#TbOfu
财务报表要求包含:完整性、发生、存在、计量、描述和披露、权利与义务 rjL4t^rT
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The audit of specific items 9u] "($
审计的具体项目 x^/453Lk
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Receivables: confirmation &