1. Assurance engagements and external audit 保证约定和外部审计 u|.L73<j%
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Materiality, true and fair presentation, reasonable assurance 1;R1Fj&
物质性,真实公平的描述,合理的保证 z )
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Appointment, removal and resignation of auditors CfA^Xp@vc
审计人员的的任命、免职和辞职 N246RV1W
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Types of opinion: unmodified opinion, modified opinion, adverse opinion, disclaimer of opinion ika/ G
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意见类型:无保留意见,保留意见,否定意见,拒绝表示意见 jiMI&cl
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Professional ethics: independence, objectivity, integrity, professional competence, due care, confidentiality, professional behavior oX@0+*"
职业道德:独立,客观,完整,专业能力,应有的谨慎,保密,职业行为 :yo tpa
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Engagement letter vd>X4e^j
约定书(委托书) cTpAU9|(
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2. Planning and risk assessment
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规划和风险评估 "If]qX(w
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General principles \e64Us>"x
一般原则 <GI{`@5C
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Plan and perform audits with an attitude of professional skepticism q$Z.5EN
持专业的怀疑态度计划和执行审计工作 u;m[,
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Audit risks = inherent risk ×control risk ×detection risk c8I :
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审计风险=内在风险×控制风险×检查风险 BD+V{x}P
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Risk-based approach RfVVAaI
基于风险的办法 vkWh2z
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Understanding the entity and knowledge of the business Mj2o>N2
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了解商业的实质和知识 w~A{]s{4
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Assessing the risks of material misstatement and fraud fGDR<t3yiQ
评估材料错报和舞弊的风险 gz-X4A"
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Materiality (level), tolerable error -NW7ncB|
重要性(级别),可容忍误差 5T)qn`%
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Analytical procedures Gj[`r
分析程序 kGsd3t!'
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Planning an audit $
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规划审计工作 zrWkz3FN
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Audit documentation: working papers u-g2*(ZT
审计文件:工作底稿 C
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The work of others L P?E
其他机构的文件 jEwfa_Q%
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Rely on the work of experts ]]~tFdh
依靠专家的工作 Fdsaf[3[v
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Rely on the work of internal audit Te=[tx~x
依靠内部审计工作 V3j1M?>
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3. Internal control
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内部控制 ^sz4-+>
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The evaluation of internal control systems "L'0"
对内部控制系统的评估 ))Ws{
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Tests of control es}j6A1
控制测试 \mRRx#-r%
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Substantive procedures (time, nature, extent) GORu*[U8
实质性程序(时间,性质,程度) Y)*5M
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Transaction cycles: revenue, purchases, inventory, etc. WqX#T
交易周期:收入,采购,库存等。 aChyl
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4.Audit evidence
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审计证据 NjT#p8d X
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Obtain sufficient, appropriate audit evidence Jj=0{(X
获取足够、适当的审计证据 |DAe2RK
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Assertions contained in the financial statements: completeness, occurrence, existence, measurement, presentation and disclosure, rights and obligations {k.Dy92
财务报表要求包含:完整性、发生、存在、计量、描述和披露、权利与义务 ?M'_L']N[
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The audit of specific items )aY^k|I
审计的具体项目 2,.%]U
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Receivables: confirmation |BrD:+
应收帐款:确认 a xT-
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Inventory: counting, cut-off, confirmation of inventory held by third parties uYW9kw>$
存货:数量,减值,第三方持有存货的确认 #$trC)? ~q
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Payables: supplier statement reconciliation, confirmation q}Wd`>VDR
应付帐款:供应商的申明一致,确认 M
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Bank and cash: bank confirmation <