1. Assurance engagements and external audit
保证约定和外部审计 iJ`v3PP 8nRxx`U\q Materiality, true and fair presentation, reasonable assurance *3Ci4\E
w 物质性,真实公平的描述,合理的保证 v|r# ivl_=
Appointment, removal and resignation of auditors L)Ru]X` 审计人员的的任命、免职和辞职 {B6tGLt#bf a<Ptm(, Types of opinion: unmodified opinion, modified opinion, adverse opinion, disclaimer of opinion ;=ERm= 意见类型:无保留意见,保留意见,否定意见,拒绝表示意见 9"k^:}8. +D+Rf,D Professional ethics: independence, objectivity, integrity, professional competence, due care, confidentiality, professional behavior 2SVJKX_V+ 职业道德:独立,客观,完整,专业能力,应有的谨慎,保密,职业行为 7(= 09z XF N4m # Engagement letter 0j|JyS:}G 约定书(委托书) Gl>_C@n0h gkDlh
{ 2. Planning and risk assessment lAPvphO 规划和风险评估 "*aL(R HBnnIbEtF' General principles Vnq&lz%QqC 一般原则 CR<Nau> </8F Plan and perform audits with an attitude of professional skepticism 4#y 持专业的怀疑态度计划和执行审计工作 7$* O+bkn: $]yHk
Audit risks = inherent risk ×control risk ×detection risk n XOJ 审计风险=内在风险×控制风险×检查风险 ?5g0#wqI
2aUy1*aM Risk-based approach 5 J9,/M0 基于风险的办法 _7"G&nZ0 S @'fmjA' Understanding the entity and knowledge of the business IZkQmA= 了解商业的实质和知识 0
))W [ 8E|
Nf Assessing the risks of material misstatement and fraud le-Q&* 评估材料错报和舞弊的风险 A<VNttgG eD4o8[s Materiality (level), tolerable error RMx$]wn_ 重要性(级别),可容忍误差 ^sp+ sr : /i#~#Bn| Analytical procedures A%pBvULH 分析程序 TYQ7jt0=.- Rx22W:S=C. Planning an audit iwl\&uNQU 规划审计工作 ]HK|xO( H7KcPN
(0 Audit documentation: working papers yqm^4)Dp 审计文件:工作底稿 A@X&dy
N{u4 The work of others L)cy&"L| 其他机构的文件 _^<HlfOK 9w Pc03a Rely on the work of experts ESl-k2 依靠专家的工作 #l6L7u0~wC S(c ,Sinc Rely on the work of internal audit ,&;#$ b5 依靠内部审计工作 El~x$X* ,{ C 3. Internal control Efm37Kv5l 内部控制 J2BW>T!tuw meHAa` The evaluation of internal control systems .`OyC' 对内部控制系统的评估 5JE8/CbH dsKEWZ
= Tests of control bY4~\cP. 控制测试 sD,[,6( 2} ,|RQETy Substantive procedures (time, nature, extent) ef\Pu\'U 实质性程序(时间,性质,程度) ]>NP?S
)R 2,c{Z$\kn Transaction cycles: revenue, purchases, inventory, etc. U5;
D'G 交易周期:收入,采购,库存等。 2
jTP
(b2b qNP&f8fH !@9Vq6 4.Audit evidence N5$L),?\y 审计证据 fKzOt<wm X6jW mo8] Obtain sufficient, appropriate audit evidence
? *I2?
获取足够、适当的审计证据 zkXG%I4h sgdxr!1?y Assertions contained in the financial statements: completeness, occurrence, existence, measurement, presentation and disclosure, rights and obligations }(h_ztw 财务报表要求包含:完整性、发生、存在、计量、描述和披露、权利与义务 o+sb2:x T6[];|%W The audit of specific items wu5]S)?* 审计的具体项目 */iD68r|- P9~7GFas| Receivables: confirmation [hs_HYqJ 应收帐款:确认 CeD O:J=, ) -+u8# Inventory: counting, cut-off, confirmation of inventory held by third parties =B9Ama 存货:数量,减值,第三方持有存货的确认 vA rM.Bu>b 6eSc`t& Payables: supplier statement reconciliation, confirmation 8OoKP4,; 应付帐款:供应商的申明一致,确认 xSFY8 Q}p+/-U\ Bank and cash: bank confirmation L>~wcoB 银行存款和现金:银行的确认 7iCH$} !|hxr#q=4 Auditing sampling M>+FIb( 审计抽样 }J27Y;Zp9 :_;9&[H9ha 5.Review
D_oGhQYY4 复核 ~1xln?Q +}H2|vP Subsequent events 4G`7]< 随后发生的事件 L&$ X\\Lv^ J-t5kU;L{ -oo&8 >S4klW=*I LaL.C^K
Going concern M>hHTa?W 持续关注 =Nn&$h l [
t@ Management representations OQ&?^S`8', 与管理层的交涉沟通 f`w$KVZ1!w } LLnJl~Z Audit finalization and the final review: unadjusted differences '<"eG!O 审核定稿和最后审查:未经调整的差异 `6:;*#jO, t]?u<KD< fx@Hd!nO~" 6. Reporting j+0=)Q%I= 报告 o:E+c_^
q` 学会计论坛bbs.xuekuaiji.com rW$ )f Appendix ?3bUE\p 附录 ?
n o.hf Audit procedure KLv`Xg \ 审计程序 &9bsTm