1. Assurance engagements and external audit
保证约定和外部审计 $j(4FyH\ L4u.cHJ}0 Materiality, true and fair presentation, reasonable assurance 8"ZcK xDk 物质性,真实公平的描述,合理的保证 Ut1s~b1 kwS[,Qy\ Appointment, removal and resignation of auditors Ew{N2 审计人员的的任命、免职和辞职 67Tu8I/r hOIg7=v Types of opinion: unmodified opinion, modified opinion, adverse opinion, disclaimer of opinion =q"0GUei3 意见类型:无保留意见,保留意见,否定意见,拒绝表示意见 v=uQ8_0~N _ qQ Professional ethics: independence, objectivity, integrity, professional competence, due care, confidentiality, professional behavior 8)` 职业道德:独立,客观,完整,专业能力,应有的谨慎,保密,职业行为 0}kvuuR chuJj
IY Engagement letter [5b[ztN% 约定书(委托书) j~;y~Cx? l`j@QP 2. Planning and risk assessment %2G3+T8*x 规划和风险评估 > -fXn b3GTsX\2| General principles 9]{Ss$W3x 一般原则 [c=![*}/ r|3u]rt Plan and perform audits with an attitude of professional skepticism ^:O*Sx.CA 持专业的怀疑态度计划和执行审计工作 J04R,B -/7@ A Audit risks = inherent risk ×control risk ×detection risk
#fyY37- 审计风险=内在风险×控制风险×检查风险 zRau/1Y0 qX[C% Risk-based approach t3Iij0b~ 基于风险的办法 {+9t!' 2|M,#2E- Understanding the entity and knowledge of the business r"5\\ qf5* 了解商业的实质和知识 lrMkp@f. un,W{*s8* Assessing the risks of material misstatement and fraud O=1#KNS 评估材料错报和舞弊的风险 G%%F6)W 6H|T ) Materiality (level), tolerable error $7Lcn9?G 重要性(级别),可容忍误差 xkaed (i@(ZG]/ Analytical procedures {N-*eV9# 分析程序 ~;wR}s<}( `-r
tU Planning an audit Tl^)O^/
规划审计工作 CTX%~1_`O xtXK3[s Audit documentation: working papers %NL7XU[~ 审计文件:工作底稿 !6s]p%{V #Pq6q.UB The work of others @c,=c+- 其他机构的文件 B8V85R ,=}+.ax Rely on the work of experts F2=#\
U$ 依靠专家的工作 }-WuHh# X=JAyxY Rely on the work of internal audit _x7>d:C 依靠内部审计工作 k0DX|O8mXV x C>>K6Nb 3. Internal control vRO`hGH 内部控制 *>j4tA{b@v Bq85g5Dc The evaluation of internal control systems 6rAenK-% 对内部控制系统的评估 ^`(3X y;LZX-Z- Tests of control _3_o/I 控制测试 'KNUPi| B|BJkY' Substantive procedures (time, nature, extent) xx%*85 < 实质性程序(时间,性质,程度) bEzy KrN\ P-\T BS_O Transaction cycles: revenue, purchases, inventory, etc. A Rjox` 交易周期:收入,采购,库存等。 p:|p? RYX=;n (Yc}V 4.Audit evidence Z9PG7h 审计证据 5CM]-qbf@ n11eJEtm Obtain sufficient, appropriate audit evidence bd.t|A 获取足够、适当的审计证据 r6`KZ TU /57)y_ \ Assertions contained in the financial statements: completeness, occurrence, existence, measurement, presentation and disclosure, rights and obligations XE*#5u8t 财务报表要求包含:完整性、发生、存在、计量、描述和披露、权利与义务 .n|
M5X q VJC O-K| The audit of specific items e p\a 审计的具体项目 ("@ih]zYf N%QVkuCbM Receivables: confirmation ?|we.{ 应收帐款:确认 Aj2yAg & Pzr)W( Inventory: counting, cut-off, confirmation of inventory held by third parties sZ7BBJX2K 存货:数量,减值,第三方持有存货的确认 9xUAfU ?bK^IHh Payables: supplier statement reconciliation, confirmation c5tCw3$t 应付帐款:供应商的申明一致,确认 nrI-F,1 Z6r_T Bank and cash: bank confirmation >I.X]<jI 银行存款和现金:银行的确认 k7Xa|&fQP< D&#ph%U,P Auditing sampling 0N*~"j;r#M 审计抽样 1'[_J Ja#ti y 5.Review
'|l1-yD_ 复核 \P0>TWE |B.tBt^ Subsequent events djtCv;z 随后发生的事件 Ycve[31BDd xD<:'-ri> N[AX]gOJ PWThm ooP M2e_)f:
Going concern _kT$/k 持续关注 &7t3D?K'qX ,XNz.+Ov Management representations seEG~/U< 与管理层的交涉沟通 8!{F6DG zHvG3Ed@ Audit finalization and the final review: unadjusted differences }*I:0"WH 审核定稿和最后审查:未经调整的差异 OfGMeN6 Y5Jrkr)k %) 8 UyZG 6. Reporting 7ClN-/4 报告 StJ&YYdD 学会计论坛bbs.xuekuaiji.com ^X/[x]UOT@ Appendix Fv"jKZPgzz 附录 H"A|Z6y$^ Audit procedure 8 P=z"y 审计程序 ]%VR Nm