1. Assurance engagements and external audit
保证约定和外部审计 )x3p7t)# c Rv#aV Materiality, true and fair presentation, reasonable assurance ?izl#? 物质性,真实公平的描述,合理的保证 R!rj:f!> |#ZMZmo{ Appointment, removal and resignation of auditors .oqe0
$I 审计人员的的任命、免职和辞职 \k3EFSm "t%Jj89a\ Types of opinion: unmodified opinion, modified opinion, adverse opinion, disclaimer of opinion @_0tq { 意见类型:无保留意见,保留意见,否定意见,拒绝表示意见 uxlrJ1~M ldt]=Sqy Professional ethics: independence, objectivity, integrity, professional competence, due care, confidentiality, professional behavior ;r}yeISf 职业道德:独立,客观,完整,专业能力,应有的谨慎,保密,职业行为 D"CU J? R$bDj>8 Engagement letter yX.; x 0 约定书(委托书) }H:wgy` o>HU4O} 2. Planning and risk assessment 3fxcH 规划和风险评估 yof8L WXx r7FpR! General principles q!{>Nlk 一般原则 "KgNMNep v8K`cijSS Plan and perform audits with an attitude of professional skepticism vZ1?4hG 持专业的怀疑态度计划和执行审计工作 0UhJ
I ` <u2 N Audit risks = inherent risk ×control risk ×detection risk JnLF61 审计风险=内在风险×控制风险×检查风险 bnZ H Hu+GN3`sx^ Risk-based approach [1e]_9)p 基于风险的办法 C!U$<_I\2 L*cP8v4 Understanding the entity and knowledge of the business o,RiAtdk 了解商业的实质和知识 P=.~LZZ]89 NueuCiP Assessing the risks of material misstatement and fraud CU:HTz= 评估材料错报和舞弊的风险 S$
k=70H o4jh n[Fx Materiality (level), tolerable error -vv_6ZL[ 重要性(级别),可容忍误差 CA5T3J@vAQ ~ ReX$9 Analytical procedures [eFJ+|U9 分析程序 C;~LY&= $\q.Z
b Planning an audit QD-`jV3 规划审计工作 <H$!OPV n=?wX#rEC# Audit documentation: working papers MT6"b 审计文件:工作底稿 k*D8IB R'8S)'l The work of others yMt:L)+ 其他机构的文件 wVs"+4l< *4%%^*g.I Rely on the work of experts frc9 依靠专家的工作 HPg%v| ]D4lZK>H Rely on the work of internal audit %/
"yt}"| 依靠内部审计工作 Bg}l$?S 33&l.[A"!} 3. Internal control $%4<q0- 内部控制 CY.4 >,
: 76zRF The evaluation of internal control systems =~5N/! 对内部控制系统的评估 *Q#oV}D_ @$iZ9x6t Tests of control &xZSM, 控制测试 'Va<GHr>+ 5~ZzQG Substantive procedures (time, nature, extent) aKE`nA0\B 实质性程序(时间,性质,程度) @v3)N[|d 3Yo)K Transaction cycles: revenue, purchases, inventory, etc. ;G[0%z+* 交易周期:收入,采购,库存等。 *Ms&WYN- Q @[gj:w LzDRy L 4.Audit evidence I
1rB,%p 审计证据 hA;Ai:8 v7Ps-a) Obtain sufficient, appropriate audit evidence 9tb-;| 获取足够、适当的审计证据 ={f8s,m)P, "n)AlAV@ Assertions contained in the financial statements: completeness, occurrence, existence, measurement, presentation and disclosure, rights and obligations '
oH3| 财务报表要求包含:完整性、发生、存在、计量、描述和披露、权利与义务 G"tlJ7$myQ wS+!>Q_]w The audit of specific items yPY{ZADkQ 审计的具体项目 Y]5spqG 'sNiJ > Receivables: confirmation EJRkFn8XG' 应收帐款:确认 zR<fz Z/!awf> Inventory: counting, cut-off, confirmation of inventory held by third parties wX_~H*m? 存货:数量,减值,第三方持有存货的确认 t&NpC;>v k"C'8<T)' Payables: supplier statement reconciliation, confirmation _!!Fg%a5"R 应付帐款:供应商的申明一致,确认 &W c$VDC fFYoZ/\ Bank and cash: bank confirmation Od^Sr4C 银行存款和现金:银行的确认 Z`86YYGK ~I9o* cq Auditing sampling 2i;ox*SfpU 审计抽样 OZd
(~E =9W\;xE S 5.Review
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/U 复核 l5~O}`gfh %K.r rn M Subsequent events */_ 'pt 随后发生的事件 4T;<`{] U^BM 5b `34{/}w rZcSG(d`53 bar=^V) Going concern iK+Vla`} 持续关注 O|)b$H_ ;E[Q/
tr:w Management representations biBMd(6 与管理层的交涉沟通 <VQ)}HW;k yTh%[k Audit finalization and the final review: unadjusted differences X,#~[%h$-= 审核定稿和最后审查:未经调整的差异 psc
Fb$b iRlpNsN U8y?S]}vo 6. Reporting \G7F/$
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p~,;% Appendix H0sTL#/L \ 附录 -u4")V> Audit procedure al-rgh 审计程序 F?05+