1. Assurance engagements and external audit 保证约定和外部审计 ^Y[.-MJt+
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Materiality, true and fair presentation, reasonable assurance
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物质性,真实公平的描述,合理的保证 c~ x
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Appointment, removal and resignation of auditors Esx"nex
审计人员的的任命、免职和辞职 r I)Y
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Types of opinion: unmodified opinion, modified opinion, adverse opinion, disclaimer of opinion t,H=;U#
意见类型:无保留意见,保留意见,否定意见,拒绝表示意见 ($s%5|
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Professional ethics: independence, objectivity, integrity, professional competence, due care, confidentiality, professional behavior Ilf;Q(*$>>
职业道德:独立,客观,完整,专业能力,应有的谨慎,保密,职业行为 W@S>
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Engagement letter \MhSIlM#
约定书(委托书) A><w1-X&=o
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2. Planning and risk assessment :qlcN @_
规划和风险评估 DD$YMM
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General principles :]]#X
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一般原则 #7(?B{i
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Plan and perform audits with an attitude of professional skepticism -]hk2Q0
持专业的怀疑态度计划和执行审计工作 Hst]}g' .
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Audit risks = inherent risk ×control risk ×detection risk *z852@
审计风险=内在风险×控制风险×检查风险 ^UJB%l
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Risk-based approach ZRCm'p3
基于风险的办法 o,(]w kF
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Understanding the entity and knowledge of the business Yf&P|Iiw
了解商业的实质和知识 76 ]X
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Assessing the risks of material misstatement and fraud 41^ =z[k
评估材料错报和舞弊的风险 z:gp
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Materiality (level), tolerable error u([|^~H]
重要性(级别),可容忍误差 |!Ryl}Oi
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Analytical procedures l4O&*,}l##
分析程序 &AUtUp
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Planning an audit IJ[r!&PY
规划审计工作 "39\@Ow
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Audit documentation: working papers Sj(5xa[
审计文件:工作底稿 .Tm m
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The work of others #S4lRVt5
其他机构的文件 e #!YdXSx
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Rely on the work of experts C
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依靠专家的工作 F9}j iCom
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Rely on the work of internal audit > a?K![R
依靠内部审计工作 R"2wop
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3. Internal control WPu-P
内部控制 9'"
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The evaluation of internal control systems w!kWG,{C
对内部控制系统的评估 I5%#A/|z
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Tests of control $S6%a9m
控制测试 chC= $(5
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Substantive procedures (time, nature, extent) *DUP$@}k
实质性程序(时间,性质,程度) V zTHW5B
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Transaction cycles: revenue, purchases, inventory, etc. T1*%]6&V|
交易周期:收入,采购,库存等。 qG)M8xk
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4.Audit evidence AY x*Ngn
审计证据 \9!hg(-F
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Obtain sufficient, appropriate audit evidence cF V[k'F
获取足够、适当的审计证据 [C^&iLX/F*
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Assertions contained in the financial statements: completeness, occurrence, existence, measurement, presentation and disclosure, rights and obligations )q|a Sd
财务报表要求包含:完整性、发生、存在、计量、描述和披露、权利与义务 "p@EY|Zv%I
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The audit of specific items A)%!9i)
审计的具体项目 +bDBc?HZ{$
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Receivables: confirmation wrhGZ=k{
应收帐款:确认 %o
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Inventory: counting, cut-off, confirmation of inventory held by third parties 4.e0k<]N`
存货:数量,减值,第三方持有存货的确认 MXa(Oi2Gg
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Payables: supplier statement reconciliation, confirmation $<da<}b
应付帐款:供应商的申明一致,确认 IY"+hHt
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Bank and cash: bank confirmation %M5{-pJ|C
银行存款和现金:银行的确认 : *8t,f~s^
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Auditing sampling H3>49;`
审计抽样 90Bn}@t=Q
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5.Review wLa8&E