1. Assurance engagements and external audit
保证约定和外部审计 z.:{ n}qHt0N Materiality, true and fair presentation, reasonable assurance @
#}9?>UV 物质性,真实公平的描述,合理的保证 (KHTgZ6 h@T}WZv Appointment, removal and resignation of auditors n~l )7_G 审计人员的的任命、免职和辞职 . oUaq|O ](vshgp2 Types of opinion: unmodified opinion, modified opinion, adverse opinion, disclaimer of opinion a$g4)0eS 意见类型:无保留意见,保留意见,否定意见,拒绝表示意见 m u(HNj ky#d` Professional ethics: independence, objectivity, integrity, professional competence, due care, confidentiality, professional behavior o*\kg+8 职业道德:独立,客观,完整,专业能力,应有的谨慎,保密,职业行为 sD.bBz &eT)c<yhyK Engagement letter SG8H~]CO) 约定书(委托书) 50(/LV1 ?^us(o7- 2. Planning and risk assessment =8j;!7p 规划和风险评估
86~HkHliv EW1L!3K General principles O9]j$,i 一般原则 #H(|+WEu l'VgS:NT Plan and perform audits with an attitude of professional skepticism _n2PoE:5@P 持专业的怀疑态度计划和执行审计工作
= Ow}MX [zK|OMxoV Audit risks = inherent risk ×control risk ×detection risk V#|#%
8 审计风险=内在风险×控制风险×检查风险 xmTa$tR+ 46*o_A,"
Risk-based approach {SW104nb 基于风险的办法 J
/'woc xUPM-eF= Understanding the entity and knowledge of the business =A<kDxqH 了解商业的实质和知识 *8U+2zgfC (hd^ Assessing the risks of material misstatement and fraud "tUXYY 评估材料错报和舞弊的风险 F$ x@] Fg?Gx(g4 Materiality (level), tolerable error OibW
8A4Z1 重要性(级别),可容忍误差 ji`N1e,l ?{$Q'c_I Analytical procedures LDW":k| 分析程序 X_|8CD-@6 e6k}-<W*q Planning an audit X^?<, Y)1. 规划审计工作 bP6QF1L ,Vt7Kiu Audit documentation: working papers RM-|?% 审计文件:工作底稿 {
LY$ Et%s,zeA{2 The work of others oKz
|hks[6 其他机构的文件 IO`.]iG 95aa Rely on the work of experts 4*lShkL 依靠专家的工作 xg'z_W 8N!E`{W Rely on the work of internal audit ]OM|Oo
依靠内部审计工作 9<W
MM) t'_Hp}, 3. Internal control 1a| q&L`o 内部控制 }-)2CEj3L% A"\kdxC The evaluation of internal control systems 7h<Q{X<A 对内部控制系统的评估 >yg mE`g AASw^A3p Tests of control /Bid:@R 控制测试 - P1OD)B kG
&.| Substantive procedures (time, nature, extent) K&9|0xt 实质性程序(时间,性质,程度) $f*N $=4T# W=m Transaction cycles: revenue, purchases, inventory, etc. ={W;8BUV%^ 交易周期:收入,采购,库存等。 ly}6zOC\ @xmO\ X +*@ 4.Audit evidence K!5QFO4 审计证据 #c'yAa 3@J0-w Obtain sufficient, appropriate audit evidence x$J1%K* 获取足够、适当的审计证据 n wToZxHZ~ KFdV_e5lU Assertions contained in the financial statements: completeness, occurrence, existence, measurement, presentation and disclosure, rights and obligations {tV)+T 财务报表要求包含:完整性、发生、存在、计量、描述和披露、权利与义务 8*H-</ = \kvd;T#t6 The audit of specific items LgjL+w19 审计的具体项目 [95(%&k.Q k8F<j)" Receivables: confirmation y!6B Gz 应收帐款:确认 H`njKKdR Nlx7"_R"Q Inventory: counting, cut-off, confirmation of inventory held by third parties Y]P';C_eP 存货:数量,减值,第三方持有存货的确认 >zFe) dd@^e)VZB Payables: supplier statement reconciliation, confirmation '~VKH}b 应付帐款:供应商的申明一致,确认 "2i{ L ' 2^bq4c4J Bank and cash: bank confirmation EQSOEf[ 银行存款和现金:银行的确认 :`2<SF^0O cZk?o Auditing sampling LU l6^JU 审计抽样
/WRS6n sHyhR: 5.Review
`L`qR,R 复核 @vss:'l & 1p\.Y Subsequent events 9AD`,]b 随后发生的事件 6b~Zv$5^Y- ^o_2=91 bTHKMaGWC "fdgBso 8B JxD< Going concern UQ:H3 持续关注 Gi~p-OS, F^7qLvh Management representations {UX?z?0T 与管理层的交涉沟通 `utv@9 _z l_hM,]T0 Audit finalization and the final review: unadjusted differences T1m"1Q 审核定稿和最后审查:未经调整的差异 K]Q#B|_T "X T7;! 0^az<!!O# 6. Reporting u =z$**M^ 报告 p
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5-q{ Appendix Yz=(zj 附录 %'a%ynFs Audit procedure |!E>I 审计程序 vH%AXzIA