1. Assurance engagements and external audit
保证约定和外部审计 /.leY$ J{98x zb Materiality, true and fair presentation, reasonable assurance JaC
=\\B 物质性,真实公平的描述,合理的保证 y@&Cn A0x"Etbw) Appointment, removal and resignation of auditors p h[
^ve 审计人员的的任命、免职和辞职 6#NptXB 8FY.u{93 Types of opinion: unmodified opinion, modified opinion, adverse opinion, disclaimer of opinion }Qjp,(ye 意见类型:无保留意见,保留意见,否定意见,拒绝表示意见 ?t LJe IvLo&6swW Professional ethics: independence, objectivity, integrity, professional competence, due care, confidentiality, professional behavior kNX"Vo]1 职业道德:独立,客观,完整,专业能力,应有的谨慎,保密,职业行为 j(j o8 2FHWOy
/N@ Engagement letter fJ!i%</V 约定书(委托书) YyR)2j1O ?y( D_Nt L 2. Planning and risk assessment ]e0yC 规划和风险评估 } t4?*:\
_c}@Fi+E General principles ?A|8J5EV 一般原则 a}N m;5K ]fH U/% Plan and perform audits with an attitude of professional skepticism "zSi9]j 持专业的怀疑态度计划和执行审计工作 y#\jc4F_a XW!a?a
LNX Audit risks = inherent risk ×control risk ×detection risk dQfVdqg 审计风险=内在风险×控制风险×检查风险 $ t' . %j],6wW5J Risk-based approach LqnN5l@_B 基于风险的办法 cnm&oC 6 b-}nv`9C Understanding the entity and knowledge of the business |1d;0*HIgX 了解商业的实质和知识
U1?*vwfKZ VV/6~jy0 Assessing the risks of material misstatement and fraud m&)5QX 评估材料错报和舞弊的风险 K9v@L6pY= %U]_1"d,<\ Materiality (level), tolerable error =$`xis\ 重要性(级别),可容忍误差 odxsF(Q0p r3X|*/ Analytical procedures vywd&7gK 分析程序 # 4E@y<l$ w,L P M+ Planning an audit
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w\ 规划审计工作 J[9yQ 2mS3gk Audit documentation: working papers e(/~;"
r{ 审计文件:工作底稿 +^% y&8e [t55Kz*cD The work of others
HJpkR<h 其他机构的文件 ]^,<Ez H\ A!oB,sw Rely on the work of experts HC,YmO:df" 依靠专家的工作 ..yuEA $YvT*
T$_ Rely on the work of internal audit a/!!Y@7 依靠内部审计工作 g0
ec- 6Q]c]cCu 3. Internal control T:+%3+;a 内部控制 ]=v_u9; V$u~}]z The evaluation of internal control systems j I 对内部控制系统的评估 Ui6f>0? $Xf1|!W%a% Tests of control 2kV[A92s 控制测试 S -j<O&h~C w[w{~`([", Substantive procedures (time, nature, extent) ND[u$N+5x" 实质性程序(时间,性质,程度) 3ThCY` 9tmYrhb$
Transaction cycles: revenue, purchases, inventory, etc. |ubDudzp 交易周期:收入,采购,库存等。 D$g|f[l $ "[1yQ<p }5gAxR, 4.Audit evidence =G9%Hz5~: 审计证据 hQ&S*f&=' LjUBV_J Obtain sufficient, appropriate audit evidence 6|U0"C#] 获取足够、适当的审计证据 d=%:rLm$ @xR7>-$0p Assertions contained in the financial statements: completeness, occurrence, existence, measurement, presentation and disclosure, rights and obligations WrhC
q6 财务报表要求包含:完整性、发生、存在、计量、描述和披露、权利与义务 )&di
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The audit of specific items <,qJ%kc 审计的具体项目 U,"lOG'
z'a#lA.$} Receivables: confirmation %+oWW5q7 应收帐款:确认 MdK!Y .+3= H@8h Inventory: counting, cut-off, confirmation of inventory held by third parties UJG)-x 存货:数量,减值,第三方持有存货的确认 !=C4=xv fq/F
|c Payables: supplier statement reconciliation, confirmation iorKS+w" 应付帐款:供应商的申明一致,确认 <N"t[N70; BQWEC,*N Bank and cash: bank confirmation .#R\t 7m% 银行存款和现金:银行的确认 K7}EL|Kx KNU/Kc# Auditing sampling >B$ZKE 审计抽样 Kx9Cx5B V%k[S|f3 5.Review
AfKJaDKf 复核 !!&H'XEJV K[Rl R+j Subsequent events Q&:%U 随后发生的事件 r,=xI`XH ,>CFw-Nxu }h<
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ab%Mbb Going concern m`C(y$8fU 持续关注 jLC,<V* =O~1L m; Management representations ]g-(|X~> 与管理层的交涉沟通 r$=MBeT
`we2zT Audit finalization and the final review: unadjusted differences y [e$ 审核定稿和最后审查:未经调整的差异 uy\<t @K36?d]e E :*!an 6. Reporting $wU.GM$t~ 报告 8'J>@ uW 学会计论坛bbs.xuekuaiji.com <4}zl'. Appendix S!8eY `C. 附录 ?KpHvf' Audit procedure X>OO4SV 审计程序 =-jkp