F1 十大容易混淆概念 !UHWCJ<
<w
1. Public sector & Private sector FK;3atrz
Public sector is the organization owned or run by the government or government agencies. (U@Ks )
All the other organizations are classified as the private sector. k-it#'ll{x
2. Public company & Private company "06t"u<%
Private company is usually owned by a small number of people and these shares are not easily transferable. Iu" 7
Shares of public company will usually be traded on a Stock Exchange. rfo7\'yk
3. Geographic departmentation 7)Cn 4{B6
Where the organization is structured according to geographic area, some authority is retained at Head Office but day-to-day operations are handled on a territorial basis. 9-:\ N H^;
So it is centralized. , bTpD!
4. Divisionalisation _43'W{%
It is the division of a business into autonomous regions of product business, each with its own revenues, expenditure and capital asset purchase programs, and therefore each with its own profit and loss responsibility. +G: CR,Z>+
So it is decentralized. ,J; Cb}
5. Internal control Lf 0X(tC
An internal control is any action taken by management to enhance the likelihood that established objectivity and goals will be achieved. Management plans, organizes and directs the performance of sufficient actions to provide reasonable assurance that objectives and goals will be achieved. B^;"<2b *
6. Internal check /EP
Rg
RX
An internal check are defined as the checks on the day-to-day transactions whereby the work of one person is proved independently or is complementary to the work of another, the object being the prevention or early detection of errors and fraud. N
!~O~ Eo3
7. Connected & external stakeholders 2WO5Af%
Connected and internal stakeholders are primary and the external stakeholders are secondary. There are agreements or contracts between the primary stakeholders and the organizations. The secondary stakeholders have indirect influence on the companies. I9
(6
8. Stagflation ?Vre" 6U
It occurs where there is a combination of high unemployment and high inflation caused by a price shock and inflexibility in supply. LX'z7fh
So CPI and unemployment rate is increasing. But the GDP is not growing. JjMa
9. Leadership & management HQkK8'\LP
Leadership is the process of influencing others to work willingly towards goals, to the best of their capabilities, perhaps in a manner different to that which they would otherwise have chosen. jK^Q5iD
Management is the process of getting actives completed efficiently and effectively, with and through other people. px${
"K<
10. Effectiveness and Efficiency IL>VH`D
Effectiveness means whether the results are complied with the goals or purposes. So it is about “what to do”. k\76`!B
Efficiency means the low wastage or loss to produce the maximum output. It is about “how to do”. HPryq )z
By F1 Lecture ：Celine Ji &9K
ni/
