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重点例题分析 QO<jI#
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以下是针对2009年12月份考试出现的错误率（大于70%）最高的题目， M8MR oA6F
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Example 1 7OcW C-<
Amachine is no longer used by a company. It could be sold now for net proceeds of$300. Its only other use is on a short-term contract which is underconsideration. The variable running costs of the machine during the period ofthe contract would be $400. On completion of the contract the machine would haveno realisable value and would cost $150 to dismantle and remove. 1F5XvQl
What is the total relevant cost of usingthe machine on the contract? |7'df &CA
A$450 >,V9H$n
B $550 o5Dk :Bw
C $700 N({MPO9
D $850 q(
官方解释：The correct answer was D. This question tested Sections F2(b)and (c) in the Study Guide, which require candidates to be able to calculaterelevant costs for overheads and those for non-current assets. +SP{hHa^
By not selling the machine now there isan opportunity cost of $300, the variable running cost ($400) are relevant andat the end of the contract the dismantling and removal cost ($150) is alsorelevant. This gives a total relevant cost of $850. b o6d)Q
Answer B was chosen by more than 50% ofthe candidates. This wrong answer could have been obtained in two ways. First as$300 + $400 – $150, the mistake here is to treat the dismantling cost as revenuefrom the sale of the machine. Second as $400 + $150, the mistake here is toregard the realisable value now as being non-relevant. 3 ]5^r}
解释：这是一道考核固定资产相关成本的考题。如果现在卖出则获利$300。如果继续使用一段时间，则这段时间需要的投入的成本是$400，并且丢弃时需要用处置成本$150。那如果选择不卖出那需要花费是成本一共是$400+$150=$550，相对应所放弃的机会成本就是$300。所以这个固定资产的相关成本是$300+$550=$850 v> LIvi|]
Example 2 ]FJjgu<
A companyuses absorption costing with a predetermined hourly fixed overhead absorptionrate. Last year, the following situations arose: H*d9l2,KZS
(i) Actual overhead expenditure was lessthan the budgeted expenditure. R6
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(ii)Actual hours worked were less than the budgeted hours used to set thepredetermined overhead absorption rate. Kf bb)?
Which of the following statements iscorrect? @x*c1%wg
A Both situations wouldcause the overheads to be under absorbed }n]Ng]KM`
B Both situations would cause theoverheads to be over absorbed 1 T"`v tR
C Situation (i) would cause the overheads to be under absorbed and situation(ii) vLv@&lMW
cause the overheads to be overabsorbed Xpr?Kgz
D Situation (i) wouldcause the overheads to be over absorbed and situation (ii) XQY#716)
cause the overheads to be underabsorbed QmQ=q7
官方解释：The correct answerwas D. This question tested Sections D3 (g) of the Study Guide, which requirescandidates to be able to explain, as well as calculate, the under and overabsorption of overheads. A!od9W6
Answer Bwas the most popular of the wrong answers, which suggests that candidatesunderstood that situation (i) leads to over absorption and that it was situation(ii) that caused the problem. If actual hours worked are below budget then byapplying the predetermined absorption rate (which is based on budgeted hours) tothis lower number of actual hours will lead to under absorption. Y@;CF
Answers A and C were chosen bysignificant numbers of candidates, indicating a general lack of understanding ofthe topic. Interestingly when a calculation question is a set on this topic theperformance is better. 8H%;W U9-
解释：这是一道考核absorption costing中under/ over absorbed的考题。 p)KheLiZ
(i) Actualoverhead expenditure was less than the budgeted expenditure. *z5.vtfu!
Overhead absorbed: Budgeted expenditure/ Budgeted hours * Actual Hours忽略 Budgeted hours 和 ActualHours的影响，因为在条件没有说明的情况下，假定是其他变量是相等的。那么因为Actual overhead expenditure 小于 thebudgeted expenditure， 所以Overhead absorbed大于Actual overhead expenditure，那么就overabsorbed。 5#HW2"7
(ii) Actual hours worked were less than the budgeted hours used toset the predetermined overhead absorption rate. "IZa!eUW
Overhead absorbed: Budgeted expenditure*Actual Hours / Budgeted hours * Actual Hours因为Actual hours worked小于budgetedhours，则Actual Hours / Budgeted hours小于1，并且假定Actual overhead expenditure 和 thebudgeted expenditure， 那么absorbed 必然小于Actual overhead expenditure，那么就是underabsorbed。 xs{3pkTYD
Example 3 LoURC$lS
Anorganisation operates a process that creates two joint products (J and K). Lastmonth, joint costs of $60,000 were incurred and the organisation apportionsthese to the joint products using the sales value method. Data relating to lastmonth were as follows: "|x^|n8i
Product Production Sales selling price J4k=A7^N
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J 10,000 9,000 $2 |)IlMG
K 5,000 6,000 $1 1vS#K=s
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What was the apportionment of jointcosts to product K for last month?
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A $12,000 eQ$Y0qH1E
B $15,000 KI.q@zO6|
C $20,000 j
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D $24,000 T`9lV2x*P
官方解释：The correct answer was A. This question tested section D6 (k)in the Study Guide – the valuation of joint products. 57'*w]4f
Answer B was a popular wrong answer. Itis obtained by apportioning the joint costs on the basis of the value of lastmonth’s sales. It is joint production costs that are being apportioned and the‘sales value method’ uses the sales of the production last month. The salesvalue of J production was $20,000 and K production was $5,000 – the appropriateratio for J:K is 20:5 or 4:1. Product K would have 20% of the joint costs (thatis $12,000) apportioned to it.
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Bothwrong answers C and D were chosen by significant numbers of candidates. Answer Cis based on the physical production units (liters) or on the selling prices asthe basis of apportionment. In either case the apportionment of joint costs toproduct K is one-third. Answer D is based on using the physical sales units(liters) for the apportionment. tP:lP#9
解释：这是一道针对joint cost怎么分摊的题目。题目中告诉我们是用课sales value method 进行分摊的，sales value methods是 用 production * selling price 来分摊的方法。那么 J： K = 10000*2 ：5000*1= 4：1, 那么分摊到K的成本为60000* 1 / 5= $12000。 %vn|k[n D
由这次高错误的题目不难发现，学生对于最基本的概念的应用仍然欠缺。那在以后的复习过程中，希望同学能更好的掌握基础，而不要意味的强攻难题。没有结实的基础，那万丈高楼都是很容易倒塌的。 n7zm
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