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[专业英语]2011年注册会计师考试常见英语单词辅导（九） [复制链接]

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— 本帖被阿文哥从注册会计师考试试题移动到本区(2012-07-02) —

      2011年注册会计师考试常见英语单词辅导（九），Cumulative effect of changing to a new accounting principle is the effect on retained earnings at the beginning of the current period. It is included in net income after extraordinary items. Only the direct effect （net of income tax effect） is considered.

82. Corroborate
83. (Corroborating) (corroboration) (corroborative) To strengthen with other  evidence, to make more certain.
84. Count Enumerate some characteristic such as the number of items in  inventory.
85. Cumulative effect of changing to a new accounting principle is the effect  on retained earnings at the beginning of the current period. It is included in  net income after extraordinary items. Only the direct effect (net of income tax  effect) is considered.
86. Current ratio Total current assets divided by total current  liabilities.
87. Custodian One that has possession or is in charge of something. Some  entities entrust marketable investment securities to a bank which is custodian  of the companys securities.
88. Custody
89. Possession.
90. Cutoff Designating a point of termination. An auditor uses tests of  cutoff to obtain evidence that transactions for each year are included in the  financial statements of the appropriate year.
91. Defalcation
92. To misuse or embezzle funds.
93. Deficiency An internal control shortcoming or opportunity to strengthen  internal controls.
94. Detection risk The risk audit procedures will lead to a conclusion that  material error does not exist when in fact such error does exist.
95. Detective control A control designed to discover an unintended event or  result.
96. Deviation Departure from prescribed internal control. Often expressed as  a rate at which the departure occurs.
97. Disclaimer (disclaim) A statement that the auditor is unable to express  an opinion as to the presentation of financial statements in conformity with  U.S. GAAP.
98. Disclosure Revealing information. Financial statement footnotes are one  way of providing necessary disclosures.
99. Discovery sampling Acceptance sampling (sampling to determine whether  internal control compliance is greater than or less than the tolerable deviation  rate) when expected attribute occurrence rate is zero.
100. Document
101. (Documentary) (documentation) Written or printed paper that bears  information that can be used to furnish decisive evidence. Could also be a  recording, computer readable information, or a photograph.
102. Dual date If a major event comes to the auditors attention between the  report date and issuance of the report, the financial statements may include the  event as an adjustment or disclosure. The auditor dual dates the audit report  (as of the end of fieldwork, except footnote XX, which is dated later).
103. Dual-purpose test Audit procedures are classified as substantive tests  or tests of controls. If a procedure provides both types of evidence it is a  dual-purpose test.
104. Edi “
105. Electronic Data Interchange” is the use of communication between an  entity and customers or suppliers to transact business electronically. Purchase,  shipping, billing, cash receipt, and cash disbursements can be completed  entirely by exchanging electronic messages.
106. Edit check Reasonableness, validity, limit, and completeness tests that  are programmed routines designed to check input data and processing results for  completeness, accuracy and reasonableness.
107. Edp “Electronic Data Processing”. Processing of information by computer  as opposed to handwritten records.
108. Effective income tax rate The income tax provision (expense) shown on an  income statement divided by the pretax income. This differs from the statutory  rate because of deductions, credits, and exclusions.
109. Effective internal control Reasonable assurance that the entity’s  operational objectives are achieved, that published financial statements are  reliably prepared, and applicable laws and regulations are complied with.
110. Effectiveness Producing a desired outcome. An audit procedure is  effective if the evidence supports a correct conclusion.
111. Efficiency The ratio of the audit evidence produced to audit resources  used.
112. Embedded control performance
113. Deals with unexpected changes to data.
114. Embezzlement
115. To take assets in violation of trust.
116. Encryption is scrambling data so it is meaningless to anyone but the  intended recipient, who has the key to unscramble the data.
117. Engagement letter A letter that represents the understanding about the  engagement between the client and the CPA. The letter identifies the financial  statements and describes the nature of procedures to be performed. It includes  an explanation of the objectives of the procedures, an explanation that the  financial information is the responsibility of the companys management, and a  description of the form of report.
118. Environment The control environment is the attitude, awareness, and  actions of the board, management, owners, and others about the importance of  control. This includes integrity and ethical rules, commitment to competence,  board or audit committee participation, organizational structure, assignment of  authority and responsibility, and human resource policies and practices.
119. Error Unintentional misstatements or omissions in financial statements.  Errors may involve mistakes in gathering or processing accounting data,  incorrect estimates from oversight or misinterpretation of facts, and mistakes  in application of principles relating to amount, classification, presentation or  disclosure.
120. Estimation sampling is sampling to estimate the actual value of a  population characteristic within a range of tolerable misstatement.
121. Evidence
122. (Evidential matter) includes written and electronic information (such as  checks, records of electronic fund transfers, invoices, contracts, and other  information) that permits the auditor to reach conclusions through  reasoning.
123. Examination An examination of prospective financial statements is  evaluation of preparation of the prospective statements, support underlying  assumptions, and presentation. The accountant reports whether, in his or her  opinion, the statements are presented in conformity with AICPA guidelines and  the assumptions provide a reasonable basis for the responsible partys forecast.  The accountant should be independent, proficient, adequately plan the  engagement, supervise assistants, and obtain sufficient evidence to provide a  reasonable basis for the report.
124. Examine (examining) As an audit procedure, to examine something is to  look at it critically.
125. Except for A qualified opinion. An auditor can qualify the audit opinion  for both departures from U.S. GAAP in the financial statements and for  restrictions on the scope of the audit. The opinion paragraph of the qualified  report is worded "In our opinion, except for..."
126. Execute (execution) To carry out an internal control procedure, such as  to sign and mail a check after inspecting supporting documents.
127. Existence Assertions about existence deal with whether assets or  liabilities exist at a given date. For example, management asserts that finished  goods inventories in the balance sheet are available for sale.
128. Expenditure
129. Cash paid or liability incurred.
130. Explanatory A paragraph added to an audit report to explain something,  such as the reason for a qualified or adverse opinion.
131. Explicitly Fully and clearly expressed, leaving nothing implied.
132. Extend means to multiply one number by another (to test extensions is to  test the accuracy of multiplication done by the client). To extend audit  procedures is to apply additional audit procedures to obtain more evidence.
133. Fasab Federal Accounting Standards Advisory Board. An organization that  sets GAAP in the United States for federal government entities.
134. Fasb Financial Accounting Standards Board. A nongovernment private  organization that sets GAAP in the United States for profit making entities and  not-for-profit nongovernmental organizations.
135. Field work The performance of audit procedures outside the CPAs office.  Much field work, but not all, is done in the clients offices after the balance  sheet date.
136. Fifo
137. “First In First Out” inventory cost flow.
138. Financial forecasts present expected future financial position, results  of operations, and cash flows based on expected conditions.
139. Financial institution confirmation request A confirmation sent to the  clients bank or other financial institution asking the bank to confirm direct to  the auditor information about balances at a particular date.
140. Flowchart A schematic representation of a sequence of operations in an  accounting system or computer program. Also called a flow diagram, flow  sheet.
141. Foot
142. A column is to add a column of numbers.
143. Fraud A deliberate deception to secure unfair or unlawful gain. False  representation intended to deceive relied on by another to that persons injury.  Fraud include fraudulent financial reporting undertaken to render financial  statements misleading, sometimes called management fraud, and misappropriation  of assets, sometimes called defalcations.
144. Gaap “Generally Accepted Accounting Principles.” According to Rule 203  of the AICPA Code of Professional Conduct, GAAP for nongovernment entities  include (in a conflict the source earlier in the list prevails): 1. FASB  Statements and Interpretations, APB Opinions, ARBs. 2. FASB Technical Bulletins,  AICPA Guides and AICPA Statements of Position. 3. Positions of the FASB Emerging  Issues Task Force and AICPA Practice Bulletins. 4. AICPA accounting  interpretations, FASB staff "Qs and As", and widely recognized industry  practices. 5. Other accounting literature, such as FASB Concepts Statements,  textbooks, articles.
145. Gaas “Generally Accepted Auditing Standards.” The ten auditing standards  adopted by the membership of the AICPA. Auditing standards differ from audit  procedures in that "procedures" relate to acts to be performed, whereas  "standards" deal with measures of the quality of the performance of those acts  and the objectives to be attained by use of the procedures undertaken.
146. Gasb Government Accounting Standards Board. A nongovernment private  organization that sets GAAP in the United States for governmental entities.
147. General controls Policies and procedures to assure proper operation of  computer systems, including controls over data center and network operations,  software acquisition and maintenance, and access security.
148. General journal A book of original entry in a double-entry system. The  journal lists transactions and indicates accounts to which they are posted. The  general journal includes all transactions which arent included in specialized  journals used for cash receipts, cash disbursements, and other common  transactions.
149. General ledger A record to which monetary transactions are posted (in  the form of debits and credits) from a journal. It is the final record from  which financial statements are prepared. General ledger accounts are often  control accounts which report totals of details included in subsidiary  ledgers.
150. General standard In the ten U.S. generally accepted auditing standards  there are three general standards: 1. The examination is to be performed by a  person or persons having adequate technical training and proficiency as an  auditor. 2. In all matters relating to the assignment, an independence in mental  attitude is to be maintained by the auditor. 3. Due professional care is to be  exercised in the performance of the examination and preparation of the  report.